Microphone Array Beamforming（麦克风阵列波束形成）

最近研究麦克风阵列的波束形成算法，翻译了几篇国外的技术博客文章，贴出来与大家分享。

英语水平有限，难免有一些翻译错误，请轻拍。

原文地址：http://labbookpages.co.uk/audio/beamforming.html

正文：

                                            Microphone Array Beamforming（麦克风阵列波束形成）

This section contains a collection of pages that provide an introduction to beamforming. Beginners should start with the page on Delay Sum Beamforming.

The other pages provide supporting material for this page.

本节包含一组介绍波束形成的网页。初学者应该从Delay Sum Beamforming页面开始。其他页面为此页面提供辅助材料支持。

	Delay Sum Beamforming 延迟求和波束形成 The Delay Sum structure is the most basic form of beamformer. This is the place to start for an introduction to the field of beamforming. Delay Sum结构是波束形成器的最基本形式。这里是开始介绍波束形成领域的地方。
	3D Coordinates 三维坐标系 The 3D coordinate system used for the beamforming pages on this site. 用于本网站波束形成页面的三维坐标系。
	Composite Arrays 复合阵列 The composite or nested array is a simple approach of improving frequency invariance. It comprises multiple arrays of varying quantity and spacing of elements, each designed to provide a set mainlobe beamwidth for successive frequency bands. 复合或嵌套阵列是提高频率不变性的简单方法。它包括多个不同数量和间距的元件阵列，每个阵列都设计用于为连续的频带提供一组 主瓣波束宽度。
	Delay Calculation 延迟计算 A fundamental part of beamforming is calculating the differences in wave arrival time between array elements. This page describes how to calculate the time difference between a plane wave front arriving at an array element and an arbitrary reference point. 波束形成的基本部分是计算阵列元素之间波到达时间的差异。本页介绍如何计算到达阵列元素的平面波面与任意参考点之间的时差。
	Fractional Delays 分数延迟 Steering the mainlobe of a microphone array normally requires delaying the incoming sampled data with sub-sample accuracy. This page describes how this may be achieved. 控制麦克风阵列的主瓣通常需要延迟输入采样数据的子采样精度。本页介绍如何实现这一点。
	Microphone Preamplifier 麦克风前置放大器 This page includes details of a microphone preamplifier that can be used to build a microphone array. Each amplifier can be used with a small electret condenser capsule and provides a line level output for direct connection to a ADC. 此页面包含可用于构建麦克风阵列的麦克风前置放大器的详细信息。每个放大器都可以与一个小型驻极体电容器封装一起使用，并提供 线路电平输出以直接连接到ADC。
	Wave Summation 波浪总和 A basic overview of the maths invoedlv in adding sinusoidal signals. This forms a central part of analysing a beamformer's spacial response. 有关添加正弦信号的数学基本概述。这是分析波束形成器空间响应的核心部分。