Arduino 项目笔记|旋转鞋柜#按钮去抖Debounce#电机#压力传感器
一、轻触按键开关
零基础入门学用Arduino-基础知识篇-13 数字输入1 - 按键开关
零基础入门学用Arduino-基础知识篇-14 数字输入2 - 按键开关控制电路与程序
按键开关是一种功能性的电子开关，使用时轻轻点触开关按钮就可以是开关接通，当松开手时开关就断开。特点相连不同侧，同侧不相连。
1.上拉电阻
arduino内部自带内部上拉电阻，如果要使用该内部上拉电阻，只需要设置pinMode（pin，INPUT_PULLUP）;若该引脚pin设置为上拉电阻后，请勿将该引脚pin接入高于5V的电压。
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Debounce 按钮去抖
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方案一
int pushButton = 7;//按钮的输入引脚
int buttonState =0;//按钮的状态
int beforeState =0;//前一刻的按钮状态
int presstime = 0；//假设按下按钮的次数
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);//串口波特率
pinMode(pushButton,INPUT);//设定7号脚为输入
}
void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead(pushButton);
if(buttonState == 1 && beforeState == 0 )
//从没有按到按下按钮的一瞬间:按下为0，按下之前为1
//按钮是上拉电阻按下为“0”
{
presstime=presstime+1;
Serial.print("hi~~");
Serial.println(presstime);
}
if(buttonState!=beforeState)
{
delay(20);
}
beforeState=buttonState;
delay(100);
}
- 方案二
// constants won’t change. They’re used here to set pin numbers:
const int button2Pin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin = 10; // the number of the LED pin
const int button4Pin = 4; // variables will change:
const int motor3pin = 3;
const int motor5pin = 5;
int pspin = A0;
float val1 = 0;
int buttonState2 = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
int buttonState4 = 0;
#define sudu 100
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// read the state of the pushbutton value:
buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);
buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);
float val1 = analogRead(pspin);
Serial.println(buttonState2);
Serial.println(buttonState4);
Serial.println(val1);
if(val1>10)
{
// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:
if (buttonState2 == LOW) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu);
}
if (buttonState4 == LOW) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);
}
if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW))
{
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(200);
}
}
}
else
{
delay(20);
}
delay(200);
}
- 方案三
//boolean state = false;
boolean buttonUp = true;//flag旗标-之前被按下过为true，按钮又弹起来
void setup()
{
//pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
//digitalWrite(13,LOW);
pinMode(7,INPUT);
digitalWrite(HIGH);//初始化为HIGH，上拉电阻为“1”
}
void loop()
{
if(digitalRead(7) == LOW && buttonUp == true)//按钮按下的一瞬间
//digitalRead(7)!= HIGH && buttonUp ==true
{
digitalWrite(13,!digitalRead(13));//测试点亮LED灯
buttonUp = false;
}
else if(digitalRead(7)== HIGH && buttonUp == false)//按钮没有按下
//digitalRead(7)== HIGH && buttonUp !=true
{
buttonUp = true;
}
delay(100);
}
注意：方案三简单好理解！！！
二、电机
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L298N电机驱动
简介：电机驱动模块非常适合在电池供电的智能小车、玩具小车、机器人等上面使用，供电电压2V~10V，可同时驱动两个直流电机或者1个4线2相式步进电机，可实现正反转和调速的功能，每路电流能到1.5A持续电流，峰值电流可达2.5A，有热保护并且能够自动恢复。 -
注意：
1.电源正极与负极接反肯定会造成电路损坏。2.输出对地短路或输出端短路，还有电机堵转的情况下，芯片都会热保护的，但是在接近或者超过10V电压且峰值电流大大超过2.5A的情况下也会造成芯片烧毁。
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功能描述：当人坐在鞋柜上（压力传感器）之后，按键pin2、pin4控制电机正（motor3pin）反（motor5pin）转。
const int button2Pin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin = 10; // the number of the LED pin
const int button4Pin = 4; // variables will change:
const int motor3pin = 3;
const int motor5pin = 5;
int pspin = A0;//压力传感器
float val1 = 0;
int buttonState2 = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
int buttonState4 = 0;
#define sudu 100//电机的转速
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// read the state of the pushbutton value:
buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);
buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);
float val1 = analogRead(pspin);
Serial.println(buttonState2);
Serial.println(buttonState4);
Serial.println(val1);
if(val1>10)
{
// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:
if (buttonState2 == LOW) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu);
}
if (buttonState4 == LOW) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);
}
if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW))
{
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(200);
}
}
}
delay(200);
}
第二版：
// constants won't change. They're used here to set pin numbers:
const int button2Pin = 2; // 按钮1
const int ledPin = 10; // 提示灯
const int button4Pin = 4; // 按钮2
const int motor3pin = 3; //电机正转pin脚
const int motor5pin = 5; //电机反转pin脚
int pspin = A0; //压力传感器检测pin脚
float val1 = 0; //压力值
int buttonState2 = 0; // 按钮的状态值
int buttonState4 = 0;
#define sudu 192 //电机转速初始化值
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// read the state of the pushbutton value:
buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);//读取按钮1的状态
buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);
float val1 = analogRead(pspin);
Serial.println(buttonState2);
Serial.println(buttonState4);
Serial.println(val1);
// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:
if (buttonState2 == LOW&&buttonState4 == HIGH)
//按钮1按下按钮2没有按下 或者按钮1没有按下，按钮2按下；根据按钮的电路是上拉电阻还是 下拉电阻判断！！！
{
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu);
}
if (buttonState4 == LOW&&buttonState2 == HIGH)
{
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);
}
if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW)) //电机停止转动
{
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
/*for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(200);
}*/
}
if(val1>10)
{
}
delay(200);
}
第三版：
const int button2Pin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin = 10; // the number of the LED pin
const int button4Pin = 4; // variables will change:
const int motor3pin = 3;
const int motor5pin = 5;
int pspin = A0;
float val1 = 0;
int p_value = 4;
int buttonState2 = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
int buttonState4 = 0;
#define sudu 255
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// read the state of the pushbutton value:
buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);
buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);
float val1 = analogRead(pspin);
Serial.println(buttonState2);
Serial.println(buttonState4);
Serial.println(val1);
// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:
if ((buttonState2 == LOW)&&(buttonState4 == HIGH )&&( val1>=p_value))
//有人坐下、按钮2（下拉电阻）没有按下、按钮4按下（正转）
{
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu);
}
if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == HIGH )&& (val1>=p_value))
//反转，按钮2按下，按钮4没有按下，有人坐下
{
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);
}
if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW) && (val1<=p_value))
//两个按钮没有按下，没有人（电机停止）
{
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
/*for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(200);
}*/
}
if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW) && (val1>=p_value))
//两个按钮没有按下，有人坐在上面（压力值），电机停止
{
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);
}
delay(200);
}
三、FSR402压力传感器
Arduino 传感器: 使用FSR402压力传感器检测压力
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FSR402 薄膜压力传感器
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公头杜邦线
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面包板
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Arduino Uno R3
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10KΩ 电阻一个
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Type A转B, USB 2.0线一根(打印机线), 作为Arduino Uno的电源
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关键代码：
analogRead（A0）;