ansible小结(四)ansible.cfg与默认配置

Ansible默认安装好后有一个配置文件/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg,该配置文件中定义了ansible的主机的默认配置部分,如默认是否需要输入密码、是否开启sudo认证、action_plugins插件的位置、hosts主机组的位置、是否开启log功能、默认端口、key文件位置等等。

具体如下:

 
  
  1. [defaults]
  2. # some basic default values...
  3. hostfile = /etc/ansible/hosts \\指定默认hosts配置的位置
  4. # library_path = /usr/share/my_modules/
  5. remote_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp
  6. pattern = *
  7. forks = 5
  8. poll_interval = 15
  9. sudo_user = root \\远程sudo用户
  10. #ask_sudo_pass = True \\每次执行ansible命令是否询问ssh密码
  11. #ask_pass = True \\每次执行ansible命令时是否询问sudo密码
  12. transport = smart
  13. remote_port = 22
  14. module_lang = C
  15. gathering = implicit
  16. host_key_checking = False \\关闭第一次使用ansible连接客户端是输入命令提示
  17. log_path = /var/log/ansible.log \\需要时可以自行添加。chown -R root:root ansible.log
  18. system_warnings = False \\关闭运行ansible时系统的提示信息,一般为提示升级
  19. # set plugin path directories here, separate with colons
  20. action_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/action_plugins
  21. callback_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/callback_plugins
  22. connection_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/connection_plugins
  23. lookup_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/lookup_plugins
  24. vars_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/vars_plugins
  25. filter_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/filter_plugins
  26. fact_caching = memory
  27. [accelerate]
  28. accelerate_port = 5099
  29. accelerate_timeout = 30
  30. accelerate_connect_timeout = 5.0
  31. # The daemon timeout is measured in minutes. This time is measured
  32. # from the last activity to the accelerate daemon.
  33. accelerate_daemon_timeout = 30

本篇就结合一个示例对其进行下了解。我在对之前未连接的主机进行连结时报错如下:

 
  
  1. [root@361way.com ~]# ansible test -a 'uptime'
  2. 10.212.52.14 | FAILED => Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to manage this host.
  3. 10.212.52.16 | FAILED => Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to manage this host.

从上面的输出提示上基本可以了解到由于在本机的~/.ssh/known_hosts文件中并有fingerprint key串,ssh第一次连接的时候一般会提示输入yes 进行确认为将key字符串加入到  ~/.ssh/known_hosts 文件中。

方法1:

了解到问题原因为,我们了解到进行ssh连接时,可以使用-o参数将StrictHostKeyChecking设置为no,使用ssh连接时避免首次连接时让输入yes/no部分的提示。通过查看ansible.cfg配置文件,发现如下行:

 
  
  1. [ssh_connection]
  2. # ssh arguments to use
  3. # Leaving off ControlPersist will result in poor performance, so use
  4. # paramiko on older platforms rather than removing it
  5. #ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s

所以这里我们可以启用ssh_args 部分,使用下面的配置,避免上面出现的错误:

 
  
  1. ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no

方法2:

在ansible.cfg配置文件中,也会找到如下部分:

 
  
  1. # uncomment this to disable SSH key host checking
  2. host_key_checking = False

默认host_key_checking部分是注释的,通过找开该行的注释,同样也可以实现跳过 ssh 首次连接提示验证部分。由于配置文件中直接有该选项,所以推荐用方法2 。

其他部分

由于官方给的说明比较详细,同时ansible.cfg 文件本身默认也有注释提示部分,所以不做过多说明,这里再举个例子,默认ansible 执行的时候,并不会输出日志到文件,不过在ansible.cfg 配置文件中有如下行:

 
  
  1. # logging is off by default unless this path is defined
  2. # if so defined, consider logrotate
  3. log_path = /var/log/ansible.log

同样,默认log_path这行是注释的,打开该行的注释,所有的命令执行后,都会将日志输出到/var/log/ansible.log 文件,便于了解在何时执行了何操作及其结果,如下:

 
  
  1. [root@361way.com ansible]# cat /var/log/ansible.log
  2. 2015-05-04 01:57:19,758 p=4667 u=root |
  3. 2015-05-04 01:57:19,759 p=4667 u=root | /usr/bin/ansible test -a uptime
  4. 2015-05-04 01:57:19,759 p=4667 u=root |
  5. 2015-05-04 01:57:20,563 p=4667 u=root | 10.212.52.252 | success | rc=0 >>
  6. 01:57am up 23 days 11:20, 2 users, load average: 0.38, 0.38, 0.40
  7. 2015-05-04 01:57:20,831 p=4667 u=root | 10.212.52.14 | success | rc=0 >>
  8. 02:03am up 331 days 8:19, 2 users, load average: 0.08, 0.05, 0.05
  9. 2015-05-04 01:57:20,909 p=4667 u=root | 10.212.52.16 | success | rc=0 >>
  10. 02:05am up 331 days 8:56, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

更多部分可以参看官方文档。

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