使用SpringMVC做一个CRUD(Restful风格)

文章目录

  • 一、环境搭建分析
    • 1.导入相关jar包。
    • 2.bean与dao
    • 3.使用REST风格
  • 二、REST-CRUD相关操作
    • 1.REST-CRUD_员工查询
    • 2.REST-CRUD_员工添加
    • 3.REST-CRUD_员工修改
    • 4.REST-CRUD_员工删除


CRUD即增删改查(Create、Retrieve、Update、Delete),使用SpringMVC做一个CRUD可以很好的检测SpringMVC学习的如何。

一、环境搭建分析

1.导入相关jar包。

使用SpringMVC做一个CRUD(Restful风格)_第1张图片

2.bean与dao

bean:Department(部门)

  • 部门类定义部门编号(id)部门名称(departmentName)
public class Department {

	private Integer id;
	private String departmentName;
	//省略set与get方法
}

bean:Employee(雇员)

  • 员工类定义员工编号(id)员工姓名(lastName)邮件(email)性别(gender)员工的部门(department)
public class Employee {

	private Integer id;
	private String lastName;
	private String email;
	private Integer gender;// 1 male, 0 female
	private Department department;
	//省略set与get方法
}

DepartmentDao

  • 部门dao层定义的两个方法:①获得部门Collection②根据id获取部门信息getDepartment
/**
 * 操作部门dao
 *
 */
@Repository
public class DepartmentDao {

	private static Map<Integer, Department> departments = null;

	static {
		departments = new HashMap<Integer, Department>();

		departments.put(101, new Department(101, "D-AA"));
		departments.put(102, new Department(102, "D-BB"));
		departments.put(103, new Department(103, "D-CC"));
		departments.put(104, new Department(104, "D-DD"));
		departments.put(105, new Department(105, "D-EE"));
	}

	/**
	 * 返回所有的部门
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public Collection<Department> getDepartments() {
		return departments.values();
	}

	/**
	 * 按照部门id查询部门
	 * 
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public Department getDepartment(Integer id) {
		return departments.get(id);
	}
}

EmployeeDao

  • 员工dao定义了的方法:保存/更新员工(save)查询员工(getAll)根据id查询员工(get)删除员工(delete)
/**
 * 操作雇员dao
 */
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {

	private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;

	@Autowired
	private DepartmentDao departmentDao;

	static {
		employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();

		employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "[email protected]", 1, new Department(101, "D-AA")));
		employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "[email protected]", 1, new Department(102, "D-BB")));
		employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "[email protected]", 0, new Department(103, "D-CC")));
		employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "[email protected]", 0, new Department(104, "D-DD")));
		employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "[email protected]", 1, new Department(105, "D-EE")));
	}

	// 初始id
	private static Integer initId = 1006;

	/**
	 * 员工保存/更新二合一方法;
	 * 
	 * @param employee
	 */
	public void save(Employee employee) {
		if (employee.getId() == null) {
			employee.setId(initId++);
		}

		// 根据部门id单独查出部门信息设置到员工对象中,页面提交的只需要提交部门的id
		employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
		employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
	}

	/**
	 * 查询所有员工
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public Collection<Employee> getAll() {
		return employees.values();
	}

	/**
	 * 按照id查询某个员工
	 * 
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public Employee get(Integer id) {
		return employees.get(id);
	}

	/**
	 * 删除某个员工
	 * 
	 * @param id
	 */
	public void delete(Integer id) {
		employees.remove(id);
	}
}

3.使用REST风格

支持REST风格要在web.xml中导入HiddenHttpMethodFilter的filter。

	
	<filter>
		<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-class>
	filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		 <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
		 <url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
	filter-mapping>
期待的URL对应规则
URL 请求 说明
/emp/1 GET 查询id为1的员工
/emp/1 PUT 更新id为1的员工
/emp/1 DELETE 删除id为1的员工
/emps GET 查询所有的员工

二、REST-CRUD相关操作

1.REST-CRUD_员工查询

员工查询Retrieve的步骤:

  • ①访问index.jsp直接发送/emps请求到handler处理器
  • handler处理器查询所有员工并将信息存入请求域中,然后转发到list.jsp界面

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
	<!-- 访问index.jsp项目就发送emps请求 -->
<jsp:forward page="/emps"></jsp:forward>

handler处理器

	@RequestMapping("/emps")
	public String getEmps(Model model) {
		Collection<Employee> all = employDao.getAll();
		model.addAttribute("emps", all);
		return "list";
	}

list.jsp界面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>员工列表</title>
</head>
<body>
	<%
		pageContext.setAttribute("ctp", request.getContextPath());
	%>
	<h1>员工列表</h1>
	<script type="text/javascript" src="${ctp }/jQuery/jQuery-3.4.1.js"></script>
	<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
		<tr>
			<th>ID</th>
			<th>LastName</th>
			<th>Email</th>
			<th>Gender</th>
			<th>DepartmentName</th>
			<th>EDIT</th>
			<th>DELETE</th>
		</tr>
		<c:forEach items="${emps }" var="emp">
			<tr>
				<td>${emp.id }</td>
				<td>${emp.lastName }</td>
				<td>${emp.email }</td>
				<td>${emp.gender==0?"女":"男" }</td>
				<td>${emp.department.departmentName }</td>
				<td><a href="${ctp }/emp/${emp.id}">EDIT</a></td>
				<td><a href="${ctp }/emp/${emp.id}" class="delBtn">DELETE</a></td>
			</tr>
		</c:forEach>
	</table>

	<form id="deleteForm" action="${ctp }/emp/${emp.id}" method="POST">
		<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE" />
	</form>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		$(function() {
			$(".delBtn").click(function() {
				//1.改变表单的action指向
				$("#deleteForm").attr("action", this.href);
				//2.提交表单
				$("#deleteForm").submit();
				return false;
			});
		});
	</script>
	<a href="${ctp }/toaddpage">添加员工</a>
</body>
</html>

使用SpringMVC做一个CRUD(Restful风格)_第2张图片

2.REST-CRUD_员工添加

员工添加的思路:

  • list.jsp页面点击员工添加按钮,发送/toaddpage请求到handler处理器
  • handler处理器查询所有部门并将信息存入请求域中,然后转发到add.jsp界面
  • add.jsp界面输入信息,点击提交发送emp请求到handler处理器
  • handler处理器中调用save方法保存后重定向到/emps请求,emps请求访问list.jsp页面

handler处理器

	@RequestMapping("/toaddpage")
	public String tpAddPage(Model Model) {
		// 1.先查出所有部门
		Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
		// 2.放入请求域中
		Model.addAttribute("depts", departments);
		Model.addAttribute("employee", new Employee());
		// 3.去添加页面
		return "add";
	}
	//保存请求
	@RequestMapping(value = "/emp", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public String addEmp(Employee employee) {
		System.out.println("要添加的员工" + employee);
		employDao.save(employee);
		// 返回列表页面,直接重定向到emps请求
		return "redirect:/emps";
	}

add.jsp添加页面

写法1:原生的form表单

		<h1>员工添加h1>
		<form action="">
			lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName"/><br/>
			email:<input type="text" name="email"/><br/>
			gender:<br/>
				男:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/><br/>
				女:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"/><br/>
			dept:
				<select name="department.id">
					<c:forEach items="${depts }" var="deptItem">
						
						<option value="${deptItem.id }">${deptItem.departmentName }option>
					c:forEach>
				select>
			<input type="submit" value="提交"/> input>
		form>

写法2:使用SpringMVC提供的表单标签

  • 通过SpringMVC的表单标签,可以实现将模型数据中的属性和HTML表单元素相绑定,以实现表单数据更便捷编辑和表单值的回显。
  • SpringMVC认为,表单数据的每一项最终都是要回显的。
    1、path指定的是一个属性,这个属性是从隐含模型(请求域中取出的某个对象中的属性)。
    2、path指定的每一个属性,请求域中必须有一个对象(command),拥有这个属性。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>


<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>员工添加title>

head>
<body>
	<h1>员工添加h1>
	
	 <%
	 	pageContext.setAttribute("ctp",request.getContextPath());
	 %>
	<form:form action="${ctp }/emp" modelAttribute="employee" method="POST">
			lastName:<form:input path="lastName" />
		<br />
			email:<form:input path="email" />
		<br />
			gender:<br />
				男:<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="1" />
		<br />
				女:<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="0" />
		<br />
			dept:
				
		<form:select path="department.id" 
		items="${depts }" 
		itemLabel="departmentName" 
		itemValue="id">form:select>
		<input type="submit" value="提交" />
	form:form>
body>
html>

使用SpringMVC做一个CRUD(Restful风格)_第3张图片

3.REST-CRUD_员工修改

员工修改的思路:

  • list.jsp页面点击EDIT按钮,发送/emp/{id} GET请求到handler处理器
  • handler处理器中查出员工和部门信息并存入隐含模型后,回显到edit.jsp页面。
  • edit.jsp页面编辑并点击提交按钮发送/emp/{id} PUT请求到handler处理器
  • handler处理器中调用save方法后,重定向到/emps请求,进而显示list.jsp页面

使用SpringMVC做一个CRUD(Restful风格)_第4张图片
handler处理器

	@RequestMapping(value = "/emp/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getEmp(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Model Model) {
		// 1.查出员工信息
		Employee employee = employDao.get(id);
		// 2.查出部门信息
		Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
		// 放入隐含模型中
		Model.addAttribute("employee", employee);
		Model.addAttribute("depts", departments);
		return "edit";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/emp/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
	public String updateEmp(@ModelAttribute("employee") Employee employee) {
		System.out.println("要修改的员工:" + employee);
		employDao.save(employee);// map的特性:有就覆盖,没有就新增
		return "redirect:/emps";
	}
	//每次访问handler都会最先运行
	@ModelAttribute
	public void myModelAttribute(@RequestParam(value = "id", required = false) Integer id, Model model) {
		if (id != null) {
			Employee employee = employDao.get(id);
			model.addAttribute("employee", employee);
		}
	}

edit.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<%
	pageContext.setAttribute("ctp", request.getContextPath());
%>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>员工修改页面</h1>
	<form:form action="${ctp }/emp/${employee.id }" modelAttribute="employee" method="POST">
		<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT" />
		<input type="hidden" name="id" value="${employee.id }" />
		email:<form:input path="email" />
		<br />
		gender:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="1" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="0" />
		<br />
		dept:
			<!-- 展示departmentName,提交itemValue -->
		<form:select path="department.id" items="${depts }"
			itemLabel="departmentName" itemValue="id"></form:select>
		<br />
		<input type="submit" value="修改">
	</form:form>
</body>
</html>

4.REST-CRUD_员工删除

员工删除的思路:

  • list.jsp页面点击DELETE删除按钮,发送/emp/{id} DELETE请求到handler处理器
  • handler处理器中调用delete方法后重定向到/emps请求,进而显示list.jsp页面

list.jsp页面

	@RequestMapping(value = "/emp/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
	public String deleteEmp(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
		employDao.delete(id);
		return "redirect:/emps";
	}

在使用删除时额外引入了jQuery文件,由于jQuery是静态文件,而前端控制器默认拦截除了jsp以外的所有资源 ,所以还需在SpringMVC的配置中添加如下组件:

		<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
		
		<mvc:annotation-driven>mvc:annotation-driven>

使用SpringMVC做一个CRUD(Restful风格)_第5张图片
至此,SpringMVC的CRUD全部完成。

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