CentOS7下安装nginx与php
因为项目的需求需要在CentOS7的环境下安装nginx与php的组合。以前用的都是Apache+PHP组合，这次是个新的尝试。首先在网上搜了一些前辈的教程，照着一步一步做下来，可是安装的过程并不顺利，可能是因为每个人的系统多少会有些差异，我的系统始终无法运行起来。后来通过参考php官网的在线手册、章宴编写的《实战Nginx:取代Apache的高性能Web服务器》一书和网上的一些相关安装配置的帖子，终于成功运行。在这里将安装过程记录下来，以备以后查看。
一、软件下载
1、nginx-1.10.2 Stable version
http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
2、PHP 5.6.29 Stable version
http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.6.29.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
因为系统将要部署在生产环境中，稳定最重要，所以用的都是 Stable 版的。
将下载的文件放置到 /tmp 目录下
二、安装前的准备
1、安装GCC编译器
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake
2、安装第三方支持库
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
yum -y install libxml2*
3、创建供nginx和php使用的帐号“www”
adduser www
三、nginx安装
1、解压缩
tar zxvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
2、编译安装
cd /tmp/nginx-1.10.2
./configure --user=www --group=www
--with-http_stub_status_module
--with-http_ssl_module
--with-http_flv_module
--with-http_mp4_module
--add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module-master
--with-debug
(注1：默认安装路径为 /usr/local/nginx，如需自定义路径可将此行改为： ./configure --prefix=<目标路径>)
(注2：--user=www --group=www 为nginx使用的帐号和用户组，可根据实际情况改变)
(注3：nginx-rtmp-module-master 是流媒体服务第三方模块，需要先下载解压，在编译nginx时，要指出正确的路径)
make
make install (注：需要有管理员权限)
四、PHP安装
1、解压缩
tar zxvf php-5.6.29.tar.gz
2、编译安装
cd /tmp/php-5.6.29
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-mysql --with-mysqli --enable-mbstring=all
make
make install (注：需要有管理员权限)
3、复制配置文件
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/php.ini
cd /usr/local/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
五、编辑配置文件
1、编辑php.ini
vim /usr/local/php/php.ini
定位到 cgi.fix_pathinfo= 并将其修改为： cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
2、编辑php-fpm.conf,确保 php-fpm 模块使用www用户和 www组的身份运行。
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
找到以下内容并修改：
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
; will be used.
user = www
group = www找到以下内容：
;pid = run/php-fpm.pid
将前面的“;”去掉
3、配置 Nginx 使其支持 PHP 应用：
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
(1) 修改默认的 location 块，使其支持 .php 文件：
location / {
root /home/www;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
(2) 下一步配置来保证对于 .php 文件的请求将被传送到后端的 PHP-FPM 模块， 取消默认的 PHP 配置块的注释，并修改为下面的内容：
location ~* \.(php|php5)?$ {
root /home/www;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fcgi.conf;
}
4、创建fcgi.conf
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
在此文件中添加如下内容：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
#PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
六、其他 1、将 Nginx 添加到系统服务中，并设置开机启动 创建脚本文件 vim /etc/init.d/nginx 在脚本文件中添加如下内容
#!/bin/sh
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac设置权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
脚本编辑完成后，可以能够启动、停止、重载了
/etc/init.d/nginx start 启动
/etc/init.d/nginx stop 停止
/etc/init.d/nginx reload 重载
这个命令比较多，可以输入 /etc/init.d/nginx 进行查看
设置开机启动
/sbin/chkconfig nginx on
2、将 php-fpm 添加到系统服务中，并设置开机自启动
拷贝文件
cp /tmp/php-5.6.29/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm
设置权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
确认/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 文件中 pid=run/php-fpm.pid 这行前面的“;”已经删除
打开脚本文件
vim /etc/init.d/php-fpm
找到并编辑以下内容
prefix=
exec_prefix=
php_fpm_BIN=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
脚本编辑完成后，可以能够启动、停止、重载了
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start 启动
/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop 停止
/etc/init.d/php-fpm reload 重载
设置开机启动
/sbin/chkconfig php-fpm on
以上是基本的安装配置过程，在整理过程中难免有疏漏，发现问题及时改正吧。虽然运行环境
已经搭建起来了，但要投入实际使用，这些还远远不够，还有很多工作需要做。目前对这些配置文件
还有很多地方不明白，继续学习吧，加油！
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
附上完整的nginx.conf配置文件
user www www;worker_processes 4;
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;pid
logs/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
use epoll; worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
access_log /data/logs/nginx/access.log access;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
charset utf-8;
access_log /data/logs/nginx/host.access.log access;
location / {
root /home/www;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /home/www;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~* \.(php|php5)?$ {
root /home/www;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
include fcgi.conf;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
# #location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
root /home/www;
expires 30d;
}
location ~* /.(js|css)?$ {
root /home/www;
expires 1h;
}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / { # root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}