MHA+keepalived实现Mysql高可用及读写分离

1.准备工作

1.准备机器（5台）
keepalived+mha（2台）：
10.11.13.11 keepalived master及mha管理机公用
10.11.13.12 keepalived slave
10.11.13.241 keepalived vip
10.11.13.242 mha vip
mysql（3台）：
10.11.13.13 master
10.11.13.14 slave
10.11.13.15 slave
2.host 解析（5台）
vi /etc/hosts
10.11.13.11 hostname1
10.11.13.12 hostname2
10.11.13.13 hostname3
10.11.13.14 hostname4
10.11.13.15 hostname5
3.主从配置 mysql（3台）
grant replication slave on . to ‘repl’@’%’ identified by ‘repl’;
从库两台执行
change master to master_host='10.11.13.13 ',master_user=‘repl’,master_password=‘repl’,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION =1;

2.MHA搭建

1.安装mha
在管理机（10.11.13.11）上
yum install perl-DBD-MySQL -y
yum install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes -y
rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
mysql（3台）上
yum install perl-DBD-MySQL -y
rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
2.设置虚拟ip
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 10.11.13.242/24
此处的eth0代表的网卡可以输入ip a查看，根据具体环境替换
3.添加mha账号
useradd mha
passwd mha
chage -M 99999 mha
grant all privileges on . to ‘mha’@’%’ identified by ‘mha’;
4.添加互信(4台)
su - mha
ssh-keygen -t rsa
一直回车即可
ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
5.更改mha脚本（管理机上）
mkdir /data/mha/
vi master_ip_failover

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;

my (
    $command,          $ssh_user,        $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
    $orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip,    $new_master_port
);

my $vip = '10.11.13.242';
my $key = '1';
my $gateway = '10.11.13.1';#Gateway IP
my $interface = 'eth0';
my $ssh_start_vip = "sudo /sbin/ifconfig $interface:$key $vip/24; /sbin/arping -I $interface -c 3 -s $vip $gateway >/dev/null 2>&1";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "sudo /sbin/ifconfig $interface:$key down";

GetOptions(
    'command=s'          => \$command,
    'ssh_user=s'         => \$ssh_user,
    'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
    'orig_master_ip=s'   => \$orig_master_ip,
    'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
    'new_master_host=s'  => \$new_master_host,
    'new_master_ip=s'    => \$new_master_ip,
    'new_master_port=i'  => \$new_master_port,
);

exit &main();

sub main {

    print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";

    if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {

        my $exit_code = 1;
        eval {
            print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
            &stop_vip();
            $exit_code = 0;
        };
        if ($@) {
            warn "Got Error: $@\n";
            exit $exit_code;
        }
        exit $exit_code;
    }
    elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {

        my $exit_code = 10;
        eval {
            print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
            &start_vip();
            $exit_code = 0;
        };
        if ($@) {
            warn $@;
            exit $exit_code;
        }
        exit $exit_code;
    }
    elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
        print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
        exit 0;
    }
    else {
        &usage();
        exit 1;
    }
}

sub start_vip() {
    `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
sub stop_vip() {
     return 0  unless  ($ssh_user);
    `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}

sub usage {
    print
    "Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}

vi master_ip_online_change

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;
use MHA::DBHelper;
use MHA::NodeUtil;
use Time::HiRes qw( sleep gettimeofday tv_interval );
use Data::Dumper;

my $_tstart;
my $_running_interval = 0.1;
my (
  $command,          $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
  $orig_master_port, $orig_master_user, 
  $new_master_host,  $new_master_ip,    $new_master_port,
  $new_master_user,  
);


my $vip = '10.11.13.242';
my $key = '1';
my $gateway = '10.11.13.1';#Gateway IP
my $interface = 'eth0';
my $ssh_start_vip = "sudo /sbin/ifconfig $interface:$key $vip;sudo /sbin/arping -I $interface -c 3 -s $vip $gateway >/dev/null 2>&1";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "sudo /sbin/ifconfig $interface:$key down";
my $ssh_user = "mha";
my $new_master_password='mha';
my $orig_master_password='mha';
GetOptions(
  'command=s'              => \$command,
  #'ssh_user=s'             => \$ssh_user,  
  'orig_master_host=s'     => \$orig_master_host,
  'orig_master_ip=s'       => \$orig_master_ip,
  'orig_master_port=i'     => \$orig_master_port,
  'orig_master_user=s'     => \$orig_master_user,
  #'orig_master_password=s' => \$orig_master_password,
  'new_master_host=s'      => \$new_master_host,
  'new_master_ip=s'        => \$new_master_ip,
  'new_master_port=i'      => \$new_master_port,
  'new_master_user=s'      => \$new_master_user,
  #'new_master_password=s'  => \$new_master_password,
);

exit &main();

sub current_time_us {
  my ( $sec, $microsec ) = gettimeofday();
  my $curdate = localtime($sec);
  return $curdate . " " . sprintf( "%06d", $microsec );
}

sub sleep_until {
  my $elapsed = tv_interval($_tstart);
  if ( $_running_interval > $elapsed ) {
    sleep( $_running_interval - $elapsed );
  }
}

sub get_threads_util {
  my $dbh                    = shift;
  my $my_connection_id       = shift;
  my $running_time_threshold = shift;
  my $type                   = shift;
  $running_time_threshold = 0 unless ($running_time_threshold);
  $type                   = 0 unless ($type);
  my @threads;

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW PROCESSLIST");
  $sth->execute();

  while ( my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ) {
    my $id         = $ref->{Id};
    my $user       = $ref->{User};
    my $host       = $ref->{Host};
    my $command    = $ref->{Command};
    my $state      = $ref->{State};
    my $query_time = $ref->{Time};
    my $info       = $ref->{Info};
    $info =~ s/^\s*(.*?)\s*$/$1/ if defined($info);
    next if ( $my_connection_id == $id );
    next if ( defined($query_time) && $query_time < $running_time_threshold );
    next if ( defined($command)    && $command eq "Binlog Dump" );
    next if ( defined($user)       && $user eq "system user" );
    next
      if ( defined($command)
      && $command eq "Sleep"
      && defined($query_time)
      && $query_time >= 1 );

    if ( $type >= 1 ) {
      next if ( defined($command) && $command eq "Sleep" );
      next if ( defined($command) && $command eq "Connect" );
    }

    if ( $type >= 2 ) {
      next if ( defined($info) && $info =~ m/^select/i );
      next if ( defined($info) && $info =~ m/^show/i );
    }

    push @threads, $ref;
  }
  return @threads;
}

sub main {
  if ( $command eq "stop" ) {
    ## Gracefully killing connections on the current master
    # 1. Set read_only= 1 on the new master
    # 2. DROP USER so that no app user can establish new connections
    # 3. Set read_only= 1 on the current master
    # 4. Kill current queries
    # * Any database access failure will result in script die.
    my $exit_code = 1;
    eval {
      ## Setting read_only=1 on the new master (to avoid accident)
      my $new_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();

      # args: hostname, port, user, password, raise_error(die_on_error)_or_not
      $new_master_handler->connect( $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
        $new_master_user, 'admin+1234', 1 );
      print current_time_us() . " Set read_only on the new master.. ";
      $new_master_handler->enable_read_only();
      if ( $new_master_handler->is_read_only() ) {
        print "ok.\n";
      }
      else {
        die "Failed!\n";
      }
      $new_master_handler->disconnect();

      # Connecting to the orig master, die if any database error happens
      my $orig_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();
      $orig_master_handler->connect( $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port,
        $orig_master_user, 'admin+1234', 1 );

      ## Drop application user so that nobody can connect. Disabling per-session binlog beforehand
      #$orig_master_handler->disable_log_bin_local();
      #print current_time_us() . " Drpping app user on the orig master..\n";
      #FIXME_xxx_drop_app_user($orig_master_handler);

      ## Waiting for N * 100 milliseconds so that current connections can exit
      my $time_until_read_only = 15;
      $_tstart = [gettimeofday];
      my @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
        $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      while ( $time_until_read_only > 0 && $#threads >= 0 ) {
        if ( $time_until_read_only % 5 == 0 ) {
          printf
"%s Waiting all running %d threads are disconnected.. (max %d milliseconds)\n",
            current_time_us(), $#threads + 1, $time_until_read_only * 100;
          if ( $#threads < 5 ) {
            print Data::Dumper->new( [$_] )->Indent(0)->Terse(1)->Dump . "\n"
              foreach (@threads);
          }
        }
        sleep_until();
        $_tstart = [gettimeofday];
        $time_until_read_only--;
        @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
          $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      }

      ## Setting read_only=1 on the current master so that nobody(except SUPER) can write
      print current_time_us() . " Set read_only=1 on the orig master.. ";
      $orig_master_handler->enable_read_only();
      if ( $orig_master_handler->is_read_only() ) {
        print "ok.\n";
      }
      else {
        die "Failed!\n";
      }

      ## Waiting for M * 100 milliseconds so that current update queries can complete
      my $time_until_kill_threads = 5;
      @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
        $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      while ( $time_until_kill_threads > 0 && $#threads >= 0 ) {
        if ( $time_until_kill_threads % 5 == 0 ) {
          printf
"%s Waiting all running %d queries are disconnected.. (max %d milliseconds)\n",
            current_time_us(), $#threads + 1, $time_until_kill_threads * 100;
          if ( $#threads < 5 ) {
            print Data::Dumper->new( [$_] )->Indent(0)->Terse(1)->Dump . "\n"
              foreach (@threads);
          }
        }
        sleep_until();
        $_tstart = [gettimeofday];
        $time_until_kill_threads--;
        @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
          $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      }



                print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
                &stop_vip();     


      ## Terminating all threads
      print current_time_us() . " Killing all application threads..\n";
      $orig_master_handler->kill_threads(@threads) if ( $#threads >= 0 );
      print current_time_us() . " done.\n";
      #$orig_master_handler->enable_log_bin_local();
      $orig_master_handler->disconnect();

      ## After finishing the script, MHA executes FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
      $exit_code = 0;
    };
    if ($@) {
      warn "Got Error: $@\n";
      exit $exit_code;
    }
    exit $exit_code;
  }
  elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
    ## Activating master ip on the new master
    # 1. Create app user with write privileges
    # 2. Moving backup script if needed
    # 3. Register new master's ip to the catalog database

# We don't return error even though activating updatable accounts/ip failed so that we don't interrupt slaves' recovery.
# If exit code is 0 or 10, MHA does not abort
    my $exit_code = 10;
    eval {
      my $new_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();

      # args: hostname, port, user, password, raise_error_or_not
      $new_master_handler->connect( $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
        $new_master_user, 'admin+1234', 1 );

      ## Set read_only=0 on the new master
      #$new_master_handler->disable_log_bin_local();
      print current_time_us() . " Set read_only=0 on the new master.\n";
      $new_master_handler->disable_read_only();

      ## Creating an app user on the new master
      #print current_time_us() . " Creating app user on the new master..\n";
      #FIXME_xxx_create_app_user($new_master_handler);
      #$new_master_handler->enable_log_bin_local();
      $new_master_handler->disconnect();

      ## Update master ip on the catalog database, etc
                print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
                &start_vip();
                $exit_code = 0;
    };
    if ($@) {
      warn "Got Error: $@\n";
      exit $exit_code;
    }
    exit $exit_code;
  }
  elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {

    # do nothing
    exit 0;
  }
  else {
    &usage();
    exit 1;
  }
}

# A simple system call that enable the VIP on the new master 
sub start_vip() {
    `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
    `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}

sub usage {
  print
"Usage: master_ip_online_change --command=start|stop|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
  die;
}

vi mha.cnf

[server default]
manager_log=/data/mha/mha.log
manager_workdir=/data/mha/
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/data
master_ip_failover_script=/data/mha/master_ip_failover    //设置自动failover时候的切换脚本
master_ip_online_change_script=/data/mha/master_ip_online_change  //设置手动切换时候的切换脚本
password="mha"
ping_interval=6
ping_type=CONNECT
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=repl
repl_user=repl
report_script=/data/mha/send_report
secondary_check_script=masterha_secondary_check    -s 10.11.13.13 -s 10.11.13.14   -s 10.11.13.15
ssh_user=mha
user=mha


[server1]
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
hostname=10.11.13.13
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql
port=3306

[server2]
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
hostname=10.11.13.13
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql
port=3306

[server3]
check_repl_delay=0
hostname=10.11.13.13
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql
port=3306

6.检查mha及启动
masterha_check_ssh --conf=/data/mha/mha.cnf
masterha_check_repl --conf=/data/mha/mha.cnf

检查都ok的话启动mha
nohup /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/data/mha/mha.cnf &

3.keepalived搭建

1.设置虚拟ip
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 10.11.13.241/24
2.安装keepalived（2台）
yum install -y ipvsadm
yum install -y keepalived
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
        router_id LVS_MASTER
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state     MASTER       #主MASTER,从BACKUP，主优先级高；
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 60      #主从需一致；
    priority 100                   #主100,从90优先级不同；
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.11.13.241
    }
}

virtual_server 10.11.13.241 3306 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo wrr
    lb_kind DR
    nat_mask 255.255.255.0
    persistence_timeout 0
    protocol TCP

    real_server 10.11.13.14 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
                connect_port 3306
        }
    }

    real_server 10.11.13.15 3306 {
        weight 2
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
                connect_port 3306
        }
    }
}

vi /etc/init.d/realserver

#!/bin/bash
SNS_VIP=10.11.13.241    #vip唯一修改处

case "$1" in
start)
 ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP
 /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
 echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
 sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
 echo "RealServer Start OK"
 ;;
stop)
 ifconfig lo:0 down
 route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
 echo "RealServer Stoped"
 ;;
 *)
 echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
 exit 1
esac
exit 0

3.启动keepalived
keepalived两台
/etc/init.d/keepalived restart
或者centos7使用
systemctl start keepalived
mysql两台
chmod +x /etc/init.d/realserver
/etc/init.d/realserver start
5.验证

mysql -urepl -prepl -h10.11.13.241 -P3306 -e"show variables like 'hostname'"; 

若每次输出的hostname为轮询，则keepalived搭建成功，应用程序需配置两个vip，mha vip做写操作，keepalived vip做读操作，实现高可用切换及读写分离。