SDRAM的自动刷新AS(Auto Refresh)和自刷新SR(Self Refresh)

    刷新操作分为两种:自动刷新(Auto Refresh,简称AR)与自刷新(Self Refresh,简称SR)。不论是何种刷新方式,都不需要外部提供行地址信息,因为这是一个内部的自动操作。

    对于AR, SDRAM内部有一个行地址生成器(也称刷新计数器)用来自动的依次生成行地址。由于刷新是针对一行中的所有存储体进行,所以无需列寻址,或者说CAS在RAS之前有效。所以,AR又称CBR(CAS Before RAS,列提前于行定位)式刷新。由于刷新涉及到所有L-Bank,因此在刷新过程中,所有L-Bank都停止工作,而每次刷新所占用的时间为9个时钟周期(PC133标准),之后就可进入正常的工作状态,也就是说在这9 个时钟期间内,所有工作指令只能等待而无法执行。64ms之后则再次对同一行进行刷新,如此周而复始进行循环刷新。显然,刷新操作肯定会对SDRAM的性能造成影响,但这是没办法的事情,也是DRAM相对于SRAM(静态内存,无需刷新仍能保留数据)取得成本优势的同时所付出的代价。

    SR则主要用于休眠模式低功耗状态下的数据保存,这方面最著名的应用就是STR(Suspend to RAM,休眠挂起于内存)。在发出AR命令时,将CKE置于无效状态,就进入了SR模式,此时不再依靠系统时钟工作,而是根据内部的时钟进行刷新操作。在SR期间除了CKE之外的所有外部信号都是无效的(无需外部提供刷新指令),只有重新使CKE有效才能退出自刷新模式并进入正常操作状态。

 

 

self-refresh:
Self-refresh entry [SELF]
This command starts self-refresh. The self-refresh operation continues as long as CKE is held low. 只要CKE为低就开始自刷新/
During the selfrefresh operation, all ROW addresses are repeated refreshing by the internal refresh controller. 由内部的刷新控制器给出行地址重复刷新
A self-refresh is terminated by a self-refresh exit command.

Self-Refresh
The self-refresh command can be used to retain data in the DDR SDRAM, even if the rest of the system is powered down. 用来保存数据,即使系统的其他部分已经待机。
When in the self-refresh mode, the DDR SDRAM retains data without external clocking.
存数据,可以不需要外部的时钟
The self-refresh command is initiated like an auto-refresh command except CKE is disabled (low). 开始方式和自动刷新很像,只是CKE是低。
The DLL is automatically disabled upon entering self-refresh, and is automatically enabled upon exiting self-refresh. 进入自刷新后,DLL自动无效, 退出后又有效。
Any time the DLL is enabled a DLL reset must follow and 200 clock cycles should occur before a read command can be issued. DLL有效后,至少要等200时钟才能有其他命令。 
Input signals except CKE are “Don’t care” during self-refresh. Since CKE is an SSTL2 input, VREF must be maintained during self-refresh.除CKE外,其他信号都不关心


auto-refresh:
Auto-refresh command [REF]
This command executes auto-refresh. The banks and the ROW addresses to be refreshed are internally determined by the internal refresh controller。
要刷新的行地址和bank都由内部刷新控制器决定。
 The average refresh cycle is 7.8 μs. The output buffer becomes high-Z after autorefresh start. Precharge has been completed automatically after the auto-refresh.
进入自动刷新后,输出端高阻,结束后自动执行一次precharge/预充电。
The ACT or MRS command can be issued tRFC after the last auto-refresh command


 自刷新时CKE为低,自动刷新时CKE为高。

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