Android侧滑菜单的实现
Android侧滑菜单
- 1.侧滑菜单概述
- 什么是侧滑菜单
- 实现侧滑菜单的两种主要方式
- 2.SlidingMenu开源库应用简介
- 常用属性介绍
- 设置SlidingMenu属性
- 支持右侧划出菜单
- 3.DrawerLayout详细介绍
- Drawerlayout概述
- 使用Drawerlayout的要点
1.侧滑菜单概述
什么是侧滑菜单
侧滑菜单是在应用中非常常见的从侧边划出菜单的一个效果
在本文中，将讲解如何实现侧滑菜单。
实现侧滑菜单的两种主要方式
1.Slidingmenu开源库https://github.com/jfeinstein10/SlidingMenu
2.Drawerlayout
由于Drawerlayout包含在support包内，可直接拿来使用，更为方便,谷歌在v4包中添加了DrawerLayout之后我们通常使用Drawerlayout来实现侧滑菜单效果。本文将着重讲解如何通过Drawerlayout实现侧滑菜单的效果。
2.SlidingMenu开源库应用简介
SlidingMenu开源库
SlidingMenu 是GitHub上的一个开源项目，用来实现SlidingMenu的菜单效果。目前为止，它提供了侧滑菜单的最佳实现：定制灵活、各种阴影和渐变的滑动效果也很不错。SlidingMenu 是一个开源库，而不是一个完整的项目，要把它作为libary引入到你自己的工程里，简单配置一下就可以实现SlidingMenu的效果。
常用属性介绍
menu.setMode(SlidingMenu.LEFT);//设置左滑菜单
menu.setTouchModeAbove(SlidingMenu.TOUCHMODE_FULLSCREEN);//设置滑动的屏幕范围，该设置为全屏区域都可以滑动
menu.setShadowDrawable(R.drawable.shadow);//设置阴影图片
menu.setShadowWidthRes(R.dimen.shadow_width);//设置阴影图片的宽度
menu.setBehindOffsetRes(R.dimen.slidingmenu_offset);//SlidingMenu划出时主页面显示的剩余宽度
menu.setBehindWidth(400);//设置SlidingMenu菜单的宽度
menu.setFadeDegree(0.35f);//SlidingMenu滑动时的渐变程度
menu.attachToActivity(this,
SlidingMenu.SLIDING_CONTENT);//使SlidingMenu附加在Activity上
menu.setMenu(R.layout.menu_layout);//设置menu的布局文件
menu.toggle();//动态判断自动关闭或开启SlidingMenu menu.showMenu();//显示SlidingMenu
menu.showContent();//显示内容
监听slidingmenu打开
menu.setOnOpenListener(onOpenListener);//监听slidingmenu打开
关于关闭menu有两个监听，简单的来说，对于menu close事件，一个是when,一个是after
menu.OnClosedListener(OnClosedListener);//监听slidingmenu关闭时事件
menu.OnClosedListener(OnClosedListener);//监听slidingmenu关闭后事件
左右都可以划出SlidingMenu菜单只需要设置
menu.setMode(SlidingMenu.LEFT_RIGHT);属性，然后设置右侧菜单的布局文件
menu.setSecondaryShadowDrawable(R.drawable.shadowright);//右侧菜单的阴影图片
设置SlidingMenu属性
sm = getSlidingMenu();//如果只显示左侧菜单就是用LEFT,右侧就RIGHT，左右都支持就LEFT_RIGHT
sm.setMode(SlidingMenu.LEFT_RIGHT);//设置菜单滑动模式，菜单是出现在左侧还是右侧，还是左右两侧都有
sm.setShadowDrawable(R.drawable.shadow);//设置阴影的图片资源
sm.setShadowWidthRes(R.dimen.shadow_width);//设置阴影图片的宽度
sm.setBehindWidth(200);//设置菜单的宽
sm.setBehindOffsetRes(R.dimen.slidingmenu_offset);//SlidingMenu划出时主页面显示的剩余宽度
sm.setTouchModeAbove(SlidingMenu.TOUCHMODE_FULLSCREEN);//设置滑动的区域
支持右侧划出菜单
SlidingMenu可以同时支持划出左右两侧的菜单，互不冲突，而且动画优美，体验良好。
sm.setSecondaryMenu(R.layout.menu_frame2);//设置右侧菜单
sm.setSecondaryShadowDrawable(R.drawable.shadowright);//设置右侧菜单阴影的图片资源
//右侧SlidingMenu的Fragment
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.menu_frame2,
new SampleListFragment()).commit();slidingMenu = getSlidingMenu(); //设置是左滑还是右滑，还是左右都可以滑
slidingMenu.setMode(SlidingMenu.LEFT_RIGHT); //设置阴影宽度
slidingMenu.setShadowWidth(getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth()
/ 40); //设置左菜单阴影图片 slidingMenu.setShadowDrawable(R.drawable.shadow);
//设置右菜单阴影图片
slidingMenu.setSecondaryShadowDrawable(R.drawable.right_shadow);
//设置菜单占屏幕的比例
slidingMenu.setBehindOffset(getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth()
/ 5); //设置滑动时菜单的是否淡入淡出 slidingMenu.setFadeEnabled(true); //设置淡入淡出的比例
slidingMenu.setFadeDegree(0.4f); //设置滑动时拖拽效果
slidingMenu.setBehindScrollScale(0); //设置要使菜单滑动，触碰屏幕的范围
slidingMenu.setTouchModeAbove(SlidingMenu.TOUCHMODE_FULLSCREEN);
3.DrawerLayout详细介绍
Drawerlayout概述
DrawerLayout是Support Library包中实现了侧滑菜单效果的控件。drawerLayout分为侧边菜单和主内容区两部分，侧边菜单可以根据手势展开与隐藏（drawerLayout自身特性），主内容区的内容可以随着菜单的点击而变化（这需要使用者自己实现）。
使用Drawerlayout的要点
1）drawerLayout是一个布局控件
<!-- A DrawerLayout is intended to be used as the top-level content view using match_parent for both width and height to consume the full space available. -->
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<!-- As the main content view, the view below consumes the entire space available using match_parent in both dimensions. -->
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/content_frame"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
<!-- android:layout_gravity="start" tells DrawerLayout to treat this as a sliding drawer on the left side for left-to-right languages and on the right side for right-to-left languages. The drawer is given a fixed width in dp and extends the full height of the container. A solid background is used for contrast with the content view. -->
<ListView
android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
android:dividerHeight="0dp"
android:background="#111"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
其中：
1.DrawerLayout最好为界面的根布局，官网是这样说的，否则可能会出现触摸事件被屏蔽的问题；
2.主内容区的布局代码要放在侧滑菜单布局的前面, 因为 XML 顺序意味着按 z 序（层叠顺序）排序，并且抽屉式导航栏必须位于内容顶部；
3.侧滑菜单部分的布局（这里是ListView）必须设置layout_gravity属性，他表示侧滑菜单是在左边还是右边，而且如果不设置在打开关闭抽屉的时候会报错，设置了layout_gravity="start/left"的视图才会被认为是侧滑菜单。
2）建议用ActionBarDrawerToggle来监听
mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
this, /* host Activity */
mDrawerLayout, /* DrawerLayout object */
R.drawable.ic_drawer, /* nav drawer image to replace 'Up' caret */
R.string.drawer_open, /* "open drawer" description for accessibility */
R.string.drawer_close /* "close drawer" description for accessibility */
) {
public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {
getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu()
}
public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
getActionBar().setTitle(mDrawerTitle);
invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
onPrepareOptionsMenu()
}
};
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
drawerLayout左侧菜单（或者右侧）的展开与隐藏可以被DrawerLayout.DrawerListener的实现监听到，这样你就可以在菜单展开与隐藏反生的时刻做一些希望做的事情，比如更新actionbar菜单等。如果你的activity有actionbar的话，还是建议用ActionBarDrawerToggle来监听，ActionBarDrawerToggle实现了DrawerListener，所以他能做DrawerListener可以做的任何事情，同时他还能将drawerLayout的展开和隐藏与actionbar的app 图标关联起来，当展开与隐藏的时候图标有一定的平移效果，点击图标的时候还能展开或者隐藏菜单。
3）如何在菜单展开或者隐藏的时候更新activity的menu
在监听的回调方法中我们用invalidateOptionsMenu通知activity重绘menu，然后activity就有机会在onPrepareOptionsMenu方法中更新menu元素的显示与隐藏。
/* Called whenever we call invalidateOptionsMenu() */
@Override
public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// If the nav drawer is open, hide action items related to the content view
boolean drawerOpen = mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(mDrawerList);
menu.findItem(R.id.action_websearch).setVisible(!drawerOpen);
return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
}
4）如何让app图标点击的时候能够展开或者隐藏侧边菜单
Activity中使用ActionBarDrawerToggle的onOptionsItemSelected方法。
@Override
public booleanonOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// The action bar home/up actionshould open or close the drawer.
// ActionBarDrawerToggle will takecare of this.
if(mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
return true;
}
……….//处理其他菜单点击事件
returnsuper.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
Drawerlayout完整实例（源于官网demo）
Activity:
/*
* Copyright 2013 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.example.android.navigationdrawerexample;
import java.util.Locale;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.SearchManager;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
private ListView mDrawerList;
private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
private CharSequence mDrawerTitle;
private CharSequence mTitle;
private String[] mPlanetTitles;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mTitle = mDrawerTitle = getTitle();
mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array);
mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer);
// set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer opens
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow, GravityCompat.START);
// set up the drawer's list view with items and click listener
mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.drawer_list_item, mPlanetTitles));
mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new DrawerItemClickListener());
// enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer
getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
// ActionBarDrawerToggle ties together the the proper interactions
// between the sliding drawer and the action bar app icon
mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
this, /* host Activity */
mDrawerLayout, /* DrawerLayout object */
R.drawable.ic_drawer, /* nav drawer image to replace 'Up' caret */
R.string.drawer_open, /* "open drawer" description for accessibility */
R.string.drawer_close /* "close drawer" description for accessibility */
) {
public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {
getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu()
}
public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
getActionBar().setTitle(mDrawerTitle);
invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu()
}
};
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
selectItem(0);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}
/* Called whenever we call invalidateOptionsMenu() */
@Override
public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// If the nav drawer is open, hide action items related to the content view
boolean drawerOpen = mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(mDrawerList);
menu.findItem(R.id.action_websearch).setVisible(!drawerOpen);
return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// The action bar home/up action should open or close the drawer.
// ActionBarDrawerToggle will take care of this.
if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
return true;
}
// Handle action buttons
switch(item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.action_websearch:
// create intent to perform web search for this planet
Intent intent = new
Intent(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);
intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, getActionBar().getTitle());
// catch event that there's no activity to handle intent
if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
startActivity(intent);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.app_not_available, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
/* The click listner for ListView in the navigation drawer */
private class DrawerItemClickListener implements ListView.OnItemClickListener {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
selectItem(position);
}
}
private void selectItem(int position) {
// update the main content by replacing fragments
Fragment fragment = new PlanetFragment();
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putInt(PlanetFragment.ARG_PLANET_NUMBER, position);
fragment.setArguments(args);
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager
fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment).commit();
// update selected item and title, then close the drawer
mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true);
setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]);
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);
}
@Override
public void setTitle(CharSequence title) {
mTitle = title;
getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
}
/**
* When using the ActionBarDrawerToggle, you must call it during
* onPostCreate() and onConfigurationChanged()... */
@Override
protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
mDrawerToggle.syncState();
}
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
// Pass any configuration change to the drawer toggls
mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
}
/** * Fragment that appears in the "content_frame", shows a planet */
public static class PlanetFragment extends Fragment {
public static final String ARG_PLANET_NUMBER = "planet_number";
public PlanetFragment() {
// Empty constructor required for fragment subclasses
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_planet, container, false);
int i = getArguments().getInt(ARG_PLANET_NUMBER);
String planet = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array)[i];
int imageId = getResources().getIdentifier(planet.toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault()), "drawable", getActivity().getPackageName());
((ImageView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.image)).setImageResource(imageId);
getActivity().setTitle(planet); return rootView;
}
}
}
activity_main.xml
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<!-- As the main content view, the view below consumes the entire space available using match_parent in both dimensions. -->
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/content_frame"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
<ListView
android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
android:dividerHeight="0dp"
android:background="#111"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
fragment_planet.xml
<ImageView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/image"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#000000"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="32dp" />
drawer_list_item.xml
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@android:id/text1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceListItemSmall"
android:gravity="center_vertical"
android:paddingLeft="16dp"
android:paddingRight="16dp"
android:textColor="#fff"
android:background="?android:attr/activatedBackgroundIndicator"
android:minHeight="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeightSmall"/>
参考：
1.https://www.cnblogs.com/xueqiang911226/p/3564757.html
2.https://developer.android.com/training/implementing-navigation/nav-drawer.html
作者：蒋秋月
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/JQY1515/article/details/106727446