CountDownLatch

业务场景一

业务场景描述:假设一条流水线上有三个工作者:worker1,worker2,worker3。有一个任务的完成需要他们三者协作完成,worker3可以开始这个任务的前提是worker1和worker2完成了他们的工作,而worker1和worker2是可以并行他们各自的工作的。

join实现

public class CountDownLatchAndJoin {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        // 三个独立的工人线程
        worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", (long) (Math.random()*4000));
        worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", (long) (Math.random()*4000));
        worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", (long) (Math.random()*4000));
//        worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", 6000);
//        worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", 5000);
//        worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", 5000);
        worker1.start();
        worker2.start();
        
        worker1.join();
        worker2.join();
        System.out.println("准备工作就绪...");

        worker3.start();

    }

    // 工人类
    public static class worker extends Thread {
        // 名字
        private String name;
        //工作时间
        private long time;

        worker(String name, long time) {
            this.name = name;
            this.time = time;
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(name + "开始工作");
                Thread.sleep(time);
                System.out.println(name + "工作完成,耗费时间=" + time);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}
结果:
worker2开始工作
worker1开始工作
worker1工作完成,耗费时间=601
worker2工作完成,耗费时间=2886
准备工作就绪...
worker3开始工作
worker3工作完成,耗费时间=686
可以顺利的完成工作,join的工作原理是,不停检查thread是否存活,如果存活则让当前线程永远wait,直到thread线程终止,线程的notifyAll就会被调用,还可以理解为join就是插队的意思

CountDownLatch实现

public class CountDownLatchTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        // 初始化计数器为2
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(2);

        // 三个独立的工人线程
        worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker1.start();
        worker2.start();

        // 当计数器不为0的时候均等待
        countDownLatch.await();

        System.out.println("准备工作就绪...");
        worker3.start();
    }

    public static class worker extends Thread {

        private String name;
        private long time;
        private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

        worker(String name, long time, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
            this.name = name;
            this.time = time;
            this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
        }

        public void run() {
            System.out.println(name + " 开始工作了。。。");
            // 减一
            countDownLatch.countDown();
            System.out.println(name + " 工作完成。。。");
        }
    }
}
创建一个计数器为2的 CountDownLatch ,让Worker持有这个CountDownLatch 实例,当完成自己的工作后,调用countDownLatch.countDown() 方法将计数器减1。countDownLatch.await() 方法会一直阻塞直到计数器为0,主线程才会继续往下执行。

运行结果

worker1 开始工作了。。。
worker1 工作完成。。。
worker2 开始工作了。。。
worker2 工作完成。。。
准备工作就绪...
worker3 开始工作了。。。
worker3 工作完成。。。
从结果上来看,都解决了问题,但是下面的场景二?

业务场景二

只能CountDownLatch实现

业务场景:假设worker的工作可以分为两个阶段,work3 只需要等待work1和work2完成他们各自工作的第一个阶段之后就可以开始自己的工作了,而不是场景1中的必须等待work1和work2把他们的工作全部完成之后才能开始。这样join就不可以实现了,应当采用CountDownLatch 来实现。
public class CountDownLatchTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        // 初始化计数器为5
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);

        // 六个独立的工人线程
        worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker worker4 = new worker("worker4", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker worker5 = new worker("worker5", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);
        worker worker6 = new worker("worker6", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch);

        worker1.start();
        worker2.start();
        worker3.start();
        worker4.start();
        worker5.start();

        // 当计数器不为0的时候均等待
        countDownLatch.await();

        System.out.println("准备工作就绪...");
        worker6.start();
    }

    public static class worker extends Thread {

        private String name;
        private long time;
        private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

        worker(String name, long time, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
            this.name = name;
            this.time = time;
            this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(name + " 工作开始。。。");
                Thread.sleep(time);
                System.out.println(name + " 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:" + time);
                // 计数器减一
                countDownLatch.countDown();
                // 假设第二阶段的工作都需要两秒完成
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                System.out.println(name + " 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:" + (time + 2000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
多运行几次发现:线程6等到前面5个线程的第一阶段全部完成,就开始运行了,运行结果:
worker3 工作开始。。。
worker2 工作开始。。。
worker1 工作开始。。。
worker4 工作开始。。。
worker5 工作开始。。。
worker3 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:1410
worker5 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:2022
worker2 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:2273
worker1 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:2856
worker3 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:3410
worker4 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:3430
准备工作就绪...
worker6 工作开始。。。
worker5 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:4022
worker2 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:4273
worker1 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:4856
worker4 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:5430
worker6 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:3773
worker6 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:5773
总结:
  • 调用thread.join() 方法必须等thread 执行完毕,当前线程才能继续往下执行,而CountDownLatch通过计数器提供了更灵活的控制,只要检测到计数器为0当前线程就可以往下执行而不用管相应的thread是否执行完毕。
  • CountDownLatch底层基于AQS。

你可能感兴趣的:(java)