Spring bean id 重复覆盖的问题解决

问题提问:

   当我们的web应用庞大之后,里面有很多的bean配置并且是分文件的,如果两个bean的配置id是一样的而且实现类也是一样的,例如有下面两份xml的配置文档。


问题分析:

beancontext1.xml

 

 

 

      

          

      

  


beancontext2.xml

 

 

 

      

          

      


当spring容器初始化时候同时加载这两份配置文件到当前的上下文的时候,代码如下:

public static void main(String[] args) {  

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(  

new String[] {  

"com/xxx/beancontext1.xml",  

"com/xxx/beancontext2.xml" }); 

//context.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(false);  

//context.refresh();  

Bean bean = (Bean) context.getBean("testbean");  

System.out.println(bean.getName());  

}

 

执行这个程序你会看见控制台上打印的结果是:

beancontext2

显然,beancontext2.xml的bean的配置覆盖了 beancontext1.xml中bean的配置,而且在spring初始化上下文的过程中这个过程是静悄悄的执行的,连一点警告都没有。这样如果你的项目中定义了两个id同名的bean,并且,他们的实现方式又是不一样的,这样在后期在项目中执行的逻辑看起来就会非常诡异,而且,如果有大量配置spring配置文件的话,排查问题就会非常麻烦。

 

解决问题:

  那么,我们如何来解决这个问题吗?靠程序员自律?绝对不定义重复名称的bean?我觉得这个是不靠谱的,只有通过在程序中引入一种交错机制才能解决这个问题。

   首先,我们将上面那段程序的log4j日志打开,看看在spring在初始化的时候面对有两个同名的bean是怎么处理的。

 

- INFO - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835: display name [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835]; startup date [Sat Jun 19 18:23:30 CST 2010]; root of context hierarchy

- INFO - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext1.xml]

- DEBUG - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl]

- DEBUG - Found beans DTD [file:///spring-beans.dtd] in classpath: spring-beans.dtd

- DEBUG - Loading bean definitions

- DEBUG - Loaded 1 bean definitions from location pattern [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext1.xml]

- INFO - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext2.xml]

- DEBUG - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl]

- DEBUG - Found beans DTD [file:///spring-beans.dtd] in classpath: spring-beans.dtd

- DEBUG - Loading bean definitions

INFO - Overriding bean definition for bean 'testbean': replacing [Generic bean: class[com.xxx.Bean]; scope=singleton; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null; defined in class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext1.xml]] with [Generic bean: class [com.xxx.Bean]; scope=singleton; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null; defined in class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext2.xml]]

- DEBUG - Loaded 0 bean definitions from location pattern [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext2.xml]

- INFO - Bean factory for application context [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835]: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1662dc8

- DEBUG - 1 beans defined in org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835: display name [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835]; startup date [Sat Jun 19 18:23:30 CST 2010]; root of context hierarchy

- DEBUG - Unable to locate MessageSource with name 'messageSource': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DelegatingMessageSource@1cb25f1]

- DEBUG - Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name 'applicationEventMulticaster': using default [org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster@503429]

- INFO - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1662dc8: defining beans [testbean]; root of factory hierarchy

- DEBUG - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'testbean'

- DEBUG - Creating instance of bean 'testbean'

- DEBUG - Eagerly caching bean 'testbean' to allow for resolving potential circular references

- DEBUG - Finished creating instance of bean 'testbean'

- DEBUG - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'testbean'


以上日志中标红的是关键,spring在处理有重名的bean的定义的时候原来是使用的覆盖(override)的方式。我们来看看它是如何覆盖的

在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 这个类中有这样一段代码: 

synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {  

    Object oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);  

    if (oldBeanDefinition != null) {  

        if (!this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {  

            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition  

                    .getResourceDescription(), beanName,  

                    "Cannot register bean definition ["  

                            + beanDefinition + "] for bean '"  

                            + beanName + "': There is already ["  

                            + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound.");  

        } else {  

            if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {  

                this.logger  

                        .info("Overriding bean definition for bean '"  

                                + beanName + "': replacing ["  

                                + oldBeanDefinition + "] with ["  

                                + beanDefinition + "]");  

            }  

        }  

    } else {  

        this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);  

        this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;  

    }  

    this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);  

    resetBeanDefinition(beanName);  

}


spring ioc容器在加载bean的过程中会去判断beanName 是否有重复,如果发现重复的话在根据allowBeanDefinitionOverriding 这个成员变量,如果是true的话则抛出BeanDefinitionStoreException 这个异常,如果为false的话就会覆盖这个bean的定义。

所以,解决这个问题的办法就比较简单了,只要将这个allowBeanDefinitionOverriding值在spring初始化的时候设置为false就行了。

我把解决这个问题的环境放到,web工程中来:

在web工程中加载spring容器会通过:

 

    org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener  

这个listener来完成的,在这个listener中会构造 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader 这个构造器来加载bean

所以,只要继承扩展org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener这类就行了,代码如下:


解决方案:

CustomContextLoader:

import org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext;  

import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;  

import org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext;

import org.apache.commons.lang.BooleanUtils;

import org.apache.commons.lang.xwork.StringUtils;


public class CustomContextLoader extends ContextLoader {  

  

@Override  

protected void customizeContext(ServletContext servletContext,  

            ConfigurableWebApplicationContext applicationContext) {  

String allowBeanDefinitionOverriding  = servletContext.getInitParameter("AllowBeanDefinitionOverriding");

if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(allowBeanDefinitionOverriding)) {

   XmlWebApplicationContext context = (XmlWebApplicationContext) applicationContext;  

 context.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(BooleanUtils.toBoolean(allowBeanDefinitionOverriding)); 

}

}

}


最后修改web.xml 文件,修改listener的配置,如下:

AllowBeanDefinitionOverriding

true|false

 

 com.xxx.CustomContextLoaderListener  


设置完这些就ok了,这样你项目中如果在两份被加载的xml文件中如果再出现名字相同的bean的话,spring在加载过程中如果设置的是true就忽略覆盖,如果是false就会无情的抛出异常。ok!

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