1.鸟哥的Linux私房菜:第十五章、时间服务器: NTP 服务器(强烈建议看完)
2.http://www.crsay.com/wiki/wiki.php/server/centos/ntp-set
3.常见错误集锦:http://www.blogjava.net/spray/archive/2008/07/10/213964.html
Stratum 1/2 Internet NTP Server
Stratum 3 公司防火墙(防火墙带有ntp功能,并且能够连接外网)
Stratum 4 自己搭建ntp server(跟公司防火墙的ntp server对时,这样的好处有两个,一是降低了防火墙的压力,二是降低耦合性,防止因为防火墙的变更而带来更多的改动)
Stratum 5 公司内的各台机器,相当于是一个ntp client。
ntp在线安装的方式很简单,只需要执行以下命令即可帮你安装好ntp以及所有的依赖包
sudo apt-get install ntp
如果要离线安装,那么就需要下载ntp安装包和依赖包。我们可以在一个有线环境下运行上面的在线安装,然后到/var/cache/apt/archives这个目录下拷贝完整的ntp安装包和依赖包。当前我已经将这些安装包放到网盘上面去了:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dDzg95f。
对于下载的deb包,我们使用dpkg安装包来安装,先安装依赖包,最后安装程序包。具体安装过程如下:
root@BJCGNMON01:/var/cache/apt/archives# dpkg -i libopts25_1%3a5.12-0.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package libopts25.
(Reading database ... 51276 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libopts25 (from libopts25_1%3a5.12-0.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Setting up libopts25 (1:5.12-0.1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
root@BJCGNMON01:/var/cache/apt/archives# dpkg -i ntp_1%3a4.2.6.p3+dfsg-1ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 51324 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace ntp 1:4.2.6.p3+dfsg-1ubuntu3.1 (using ntp_1%3a4.2.6.p3+dfsg-1ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement ntp ...
Setting up ntp (1:4.2.6.p3+dfsg-1ubuntu3.1) ...
* Starting NTP server ntpd
...done.
Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Processing triggers for man-db ...
当然还有更加简单的方法,将下载的deb包拷贝到/var/cache/apt/archives目录下,然后在执行一下命令同样可以安装。
sudo apt-get install ntp
安装完毕以后我们可以查看服务是否启动,执行以下命令:
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~/ftp/ntp_ubuntu$ service --status-all
[ ? ] acpid
[ ? ] apache
[ + ] apache2
[ - ] apparmor
[ ? ] apport
[ ? ] atd
[ - ] bootlogd
[ ? ] console-setup
[ ? ] cron
[ ? ] dbus
[ ? ] dmesg
[ ? ] dns-clean
[ ? ] friendly-recovery
[ - ] grub-common
[ ? ] hostname
[ ? ] hwclock
[ ? ] hwclock-save
[ ? ] irqbalance
[ ? ] killprocs
[ ? ] module-init-tools
[ ? ] mysql
[ + ] nagios
[ + ] nagios-bak
[ ? ] network-interface
[ ? ] network-interface-container
[ ? ] network-interface-security
[ ? ] networking
[ + ] ntp
[ ? ] ondemand
可以看到ntp服务已经启动([+]表示已经启动。)
sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf
这个文件是配置ntp最重要的一个文件,也是ntp配置过程中的唯一难点,之前一直不知道这个配置问价当中配置选项的含义,所以一直无从下手。
利用 server 关键字设定上层 NTP 服务器,上层 NTP 服务器的设定方式为:
server [IP or hostname] [prefer]
在 server 后端可以接 IP 或主机名,个人比较喜欢使用 IP 来设定, perfer 表示『优先使用』的服务器。
在 ntp.conf 档案内可以利用『 restrict 』来控管权限,这个参数的设定方式为:
restrict [IP] mask [netmask_IP] [parameter]
其中 parameter 的参数主要有底下这些:
如果你没有在 parameter 的地方加上任何参数的话,这表示『该 IP 或网段不受任何限制』。一般来说,我们可以先关闭 NTP 的权限,然后再一个一个的启用允许登入的网段。
ntp server的需求:
# /etc/ntp.conf, configuration for ntpd; see ntp.conf(5) for help
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift #草稿文件
#日志文件
statsdir /var/log/ntpstats/
statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats
filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable
filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable
filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable
#上层ntp server
server 10.138.16.251 prefer
#让NTP Server和其自身保持同步,如果在/etc/ntp.conf中定义的server都不可用时,将使用local时间作为ntp服务提供给ntp客户端
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 5
#不允许来自公网上ipv4和ipv6客户端的访问
restrict -4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery
#运行上层ntp server的所有权限
restrict 10.138.16.251
#允许这个网段的对时请求
restrict 10.138.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 nomodify
# Local users may interrogate the ntp server more closely.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict ::1
ntp又是服务器,又是客户端,只需要通过配置即可。上面我们将10.138.16.232配置成了ntp服务器,下面这台服务器我们以10.138.16.232作为ntp服务器配置client。
# /etc/ntp.conf, configuration for ntpd; see ntp.conf(5) for help
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift
# Enable this if you want statistics to be logged.
#statsdir /var/log/ntpstats/
statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats
filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable
filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable
filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable
# Specify one or more NTP servers.
# Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board
# on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for
# more information.
#server 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
#server 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
#server 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
#server 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
# Use Ubuntu's ntp server as a fallback.
#server ntp.ubuntu.com
server 10.138.16.251 prefer
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
# Access control configuration; see /usr/share/doc/ntp-doc/html/accopt.html for
# details. The web page
# might also be helpful.
#
# Note that "restrict" applies to both servers and clients, so a configuration
# that might be intended to block requests from certain clients could also end
# up blocking replies from your own upstream servers.
# By default, exchange time with everybody, but don't allow configuration.
restrict -4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery
restrict 10.138.16.251
restrict 10.138.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 nomodify
# Local users may interrogate the ntp server more closely.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict ::1
# Clients from this (example!) subnet have unlimited access, but only if
# cryptographically authenticated.
#restrict 192.168.123.0 mask 255.255.255.0 notrust
# If you want to provide time to your local subnet, change the next line.
# (Again, the address is an example only.)
#broadcast 192.168.123.255
# If you want to listen to time broadcasts on your local subnet, de-comment the
# next lines. Please do this only if you trust everybody on the network!
#disable auth
#broadcastclient
在客户端只需要运行一下命令接口进行对时操作
sudo ntpdate 10.138.16.232
ntpdate命令是要在ntp进程退出的情况下执行,如果执行上述命令出错,那么请先关闭ntp进程,具体操作日下所示:
root@BJCGNMON01:/etc/init.d# ntpdate 10.138.16.232
27 Feb 14:59:32 ntpdate[18546]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting
root@BJCGNMON01:/etc/init.d# service ntp stop
* Stopping NTP server ntpd
...done.
root@BJCGNMON01:/etc/init.d# ntpdate 10.138.16.232
27 Feb 14:58:13 ntpdate[18557]: step time server 10.138.16.232 offset -98.402560 sec
如果是windows操作系统,按照参考文献1进行修改。
参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31689575/article/details/88405771