一、 Redis介绍
二、 Redis性能介绍
三、 Redis功能
四、 Redis安装及配置
五、 Redis启动
六、 Redis的数据类型
七、 Redis的master/slave配置
Redis介绍
Redis本质上一个Key/Value数据库,与Memcached类似的NoSQL型数据库,但是他的数据可以持久化的保存在磁盘上,解决了服务重启后数据不丢失的问题,他的值可以是string(字符串)、
list(列表)、sets(集合)或者是ordered sets(被排序的集合),所有的数据类型都具有push/pop、add/remove、执行服务端的并集、交集、两个sets集中的差别等等操作,这些操作都
是具有原子性的,Redis还支持各种不同的排序能力
Redis 2.0更是增加了很多新特性,如:提升了性能、增加了新的数据类型、更少的利用内存(AOF和VM)
Redis支持绝大部分主流的开发语言,如:C、Java、C#、PHP、Perl、Python、Lua、Erlang、Ruby等等
Redis性能:
根据Redis官方的测试结果:在50个并发的情况下请求10w次,写的速度是110000次/s,读的速度是81000次/s
测试环境:
1. 50个并发,请求100000次
2. 读和写大小为256bytes的字符串
3. Linux2.6 Xeon X3320 2.5GHz的服务器上
4. 通过本机的loopback interface接口上执行
Redis的功能:
1、Redis的Sharding:Redis支持客户端的Sharding功能,通过一致性hash算法实现,当前Redis不支持故障冗余,在集群中不能在线增加或删除Redis
2、Redis的master/slave复制:
2.1.一个master支持多个slave
2.2 Slave可以接受其他slave的连接来替代他连接master
2.3 复制在master是非阻塞的,而在slave是阻塞的
2.4 复制被利用来提供可扩展性,在slave端只提供查询功能及数据的冗余
3、Redis的Virtual Memory功能:vm是Redis2.0新增的一个非常稳定和可靠的功能,
vm的引入是为了提高Redis的性能,也就是把很少使用的value保存到disk,而key保存在内存中。实际上就是如果你有10w的keys在内存中,而只有仅仅10%左右的key经常使用,那么Redis可以
通过开启VM尝试将不经常使用的Value转换到disk上保存
4、Redis的附加档案(AOF)功能:Redis通过配置的策略将数据集保存到aof中,当Redis挂掉后能够通过aof恢复到挂掉前的状态
Redis的安装及配置:
下载Redis:redis-2.8.13.tar.gz
tar xvzf redis-2.8.13.tar.gz
cd redis-2.8.13
make
mkdir /local/redis
cp redis-server /local/redis
cp redis-benchmark /local/redis
cp redis-cli /local/redis
cp redis.conf /local/redis
cd /local/redis
配置redis.conf配置文件:
#是否作为守护进程运行 daemonize yes
#配置pid的存放路径及文件名,默认为当前路径下 pidfile redis.pid
#Redis默认监听端口 port 6379 #客户端闲置多少秒后,断开连接 timeout 300
#日志显示级别 loglevel verbose
#指定日志输出的文件名,也可指定到标准输出端口 logfile stdout
#设置数据库的数量,默认连接的数据库是0,可以通过select N来连接不同的数据库 databases 16
#保存数据到disk的策略
#当有一条Keys数据被改变是,900秒刷新到disk一次 save 900 1
#当有10条Keys数据被改变时,300秒刷新到disk一次 save 300 10
#当有1w条keys数据被改变时,60秒刷新到disk一次 save 60 10000
#当dump .rdb数据库的时候是否压缩数据对象 rdbcompression yes
#dump数据库的数据保存的文件名 dbfilename dump.rdb
#Redis的工作目录 dir /home/falcon/redis-2.0.0/
########### Replication #####################
#Redis的复制配置
# slaveof
# masterauth
############## SECURITY ###########
# requirepass foobared
############### LIMITS ##############
#最大客户端连接数 # maxclients 128 #最大内存使用率
# maxmemory
########## APPEND ONLY MODE #########
#是否开启日志功能 appendonly no
# 刷新日志到disk的规则
# appendfsync always appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ###########
#是否开启VM功能 vm-enabled no
# vm-enabled yes
vm-swap-file logs/redis.swap
vm-max-memory 0
vm-page-size 32
vm-pages 134217728
vm-max-threads 4
############# ADVANCED CONFIG ###############
glueoutputbuf yes
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
#是否重置Hash表 activerehashing yes
启动Redis
./redis-server redis.conf
检测Redis是否启动:
netstat -an -t
Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10022 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN ……..
ps -ef|grep redis-server
oracle 7453 1 0 05:59 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server redis.conf
Redis的数据类型:
./redis-cli -h
usage: redis-cli [-h host] [-p port] [-a authpw] [-r repeat_times] [-n db_num] [-i] cmd arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN
usage: echo "argN" | redis-cli -c [-h host] [-p port] [-a authpw] [-r repeat_times] [-n db_num] cmd arg1 arg2 ... arg(N-1)
Redis根据5种不同的数据类型来操作数据对象:
操作String类型的值:
Command Parameters Description
SET key value Set a key to a string value
GET key Return the string value of the key
GETSET key value Set a key to a string returning the old value of the key
MGET key1 key2 ... keyN Multi-get, return the strings values of the keys
SETNX key value Set a key to a string value if the key does not exist
SETEX key time value Set+Expire combo command
MSET key1 value1 key2 value2 ... keyN valueN Set multiple keys to multiple values in a single atomic operation
MSETNX key1 value1 key2 value2 ... keyN valueN Set multiple keys to multiple values in a single atomic operation if none of the keys already exist
INCR key Increment the integer value of key
INCRBY key integer Increment the integer value of key by integer
DECR key Decrement the integer value of key
DECRBY key integer Decrement the integer value of key by integer
APPEND key value Append the specified string to the string stored at key
SUBSTR key start end Return a substring of a larger string
操作方法:
SET操作
./redis-cli -n 0 set uid_001 Falcon
OK
./redis-cli -n 0 set uid_002 Falcon.c
OK
表示向数据库0中插入字符串key为uid_001,value为amanda的字符串
表示向数据库0中插入字符串key为uid_002,value为amanda的字符串
GET操作
./redis-cli -n 0 get uid_001 "amdna"
./redis-cli get uid_001 "davy"
表示获取数据库为0,key为uid_001的字符串,因为在不指定数据编号的情况下,默认连接的是0数据库,所以可以省略-n参数
GETSET操作
./redis-cli getset uid_002 "[email protected]" "Falcon"
./redis-cli get uid_002 [email protected]
表示返回指定key的原始值,并指定一个新值给他
MGET操作
./redis-cli mget uid_001 uid_002 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "[email protected]"
表示获取多个key的值
SETNX操作
./redis-cli setnx uid_001_email "[email protected]"(integer) 1
./redis-cli get uid_001_email "[email protected]"
./redis-cli setnx uid_001_email "[email protected]" (integer) 0
表示当一个指定的key不存在时,设置这个key指定的value,如果存在,则设置不成功
SETEX操作
./redis-cli setex uid_001_msn 5 "[email protected]" OK
./redis-cli get uid_001_msn "[email protected]"
./redis-cli get uid_001_msn (nil)
表示设置一个key指定的value保存5秒后失效,设置key/value的有效期
MSET操作
./redis-cli mset uid0001 "0001" uid0002 "0002" uid0003 "0003" OK
./redis-cli mget uid0001 uid0002 uid0003 1. "0001" 2. "0002" 3. "0003"
表示多键值对的数据保存,在保证原子操作性的情况下
MSETNX操作
./redis-cli msetnx uid0003 "0003" uid0004 "0004" uid0005 "0005" (integer) 0 [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli msetnx uid0004 "0004" uid0005 "0005"
(integer) 1
./redis-cli mget uid0001 uid0002 uid0003 uid0004 uid0005 1. "0001" 2. "0002" 3. "0003" 4. "0004" 5. "0005"
表示在单原子操作性的情况下,keys不存在的前提下插入多个values值,如果存在其中一个keys则插入失败
INCR操作
./redis-cli incr uid
(integer) 1
./redis-cli incr uid (integer) 2
./redis-cli incr uid (integer) 3
表示对给定key的value进行递增的操作
INCRBY操作
./redis-cli incrby uid 5 (integer) 8
./redis-cli incrby uid 5 (integer) 13
表示对给定key的value进行指定步长的递增操作
DECR操作
./redis-cli decr uid (integer) 12
./redis-cli decr uid (integer) 11
表示对给定的key的value进行递减操作
DECRBY操作
./redis-cli decrby uid 3 (integer) 8
./redis-cli decrby uid 3 (integer) 5
表示对给定key的value做指定步长的递减操作
APPEND操作
./redis-cli append content "01234" (integer) 5
./redis-cli get content "01234"
./redis-cli append content "56789" (integer) 10
./redis-cli get content "0123456789"
表示追加一个value到指定的key中,如果key不存在,则新建key
SUBSTR操作
./redis-cli substr content 0 4 "01234"
./redis-cli substr content 5 10 "56789"
表示返回指定key的value的部分字符串
操作lists类型的值:(列表)
Command Parameters Description
RPUSH key value Append an element to the tail of the List value at key
LPUSH key value Append an element to the head of the List value at key
LLEN key Return the length of the List value at key
LRANGE key start end Return a range of elements from the List at key
LTRIM key start end Trim the list at key to the specified range of elements
LINDEX key index Return the element at index position from the List at key
LSET key index value Set a new value as the element at index position of the List at key
LREM key count value Remove the first-N, last-N, or all the elements matching value from the List at key
LPOP key Return and remove (atomically) the first element of the List at key
RPOP key Return and remove (atomically) the last element of the List at key
BLPOP key1 key2 ... keyN timeout Blocking LPOP
BRPOP key1 key2 ... keyN timeout Blocking RPOP
RPOPLPUSH srckey dstkey Return and remove (atomically) the last element of the source List stored at srckey and push the same element to the destination List stored at
dstkey
RPUSH操作
./redis-cli rpush list_001 0000001 (integer) 1
./redis-cli rpush list_001 0000002 (integer) 2
./redis-cli rpush list_001 0000003 (integer) 3
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 3 1. "0000001" 2. "0000002" 3. "0000003"
表示向指定key的list的后面(右边)追加指定的value
LPUSH操作
./redis-cli lpush list_001 000099 (integer) 4
./redis-cli lpush list_001 000098 (integer) 5
./redis-cli lpush list_001 000097 (integer) 6
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 8 1. "000097" 2. "000098" 3. "000099" 4. "0000001" 5. "0000002" 6. "0000003"
表示向指定key的list的前面(左边)追加指定的value
LLEN操作
./redis-cli llen list_001 (integer) 6
表示返回指定key list的长度
LRANGE操作
./redis-cli lrange list_001 2 4 1. "000099" 2. "0000001" 3. "0000002"
表示返回指定key list里面的位置的范围value
LTRIM操作
./redis-cli ltrim list_001 0 2 OK [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 4 1. "000097" 2. "000098" 3. "000099"
表示删除指定key 的值范围以外的数据
LINDEX操作
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "000097" 2. "000098" 3. "000099"
./redis-cli lindex list_001 2 "000099"
./redis-cli lindex list_001 1 "000098"
表示返回指定key list里面索引的值
LSET操作
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "000097"2. "000098" 3. "000099" [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli lset list_001 0 "100097" OK
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "100097" 2. "000098" 3. "000099"
表示给指定key 的list里面指定索引的值修改为一个新值
LREM操作
./redis-cli lpush list_001 000099 (integer) 4
./redis-cli lpush list_001 000099 (integer) 5
./redis-cli lpush list_001 000099 (integer) 6
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "000099" 2. "000099" 3. "000099" 4. "100097" 5. "000098" 6. "000099"
./redis-cli lrem list_001 2 000099 (integer) 2
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "000099" 2. "100097" 3. "000098" 4. "000099"
表示删除指定key 的list里面值为value的指定个数
LPOP操作
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "000099" 2. "100097" 3. "000098" 4. "000099"
./redis-cli lpop list_001 "000099"
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "100097" 2. "000098" 3. "000099"
表示删除指定key的list里面最前面(左边)的值,并返回该值
RPOP操作
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "100097" 2. "000098" 3. "000099"
./redis-cli rpop list_001 "000099"
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "100097" 2. "000098"
表示删除指定key的list里面最后面(右边)的值,并返回该值
BLPOP和BRPOP操作
在阻塞的模式下执行LPOP和RPOP操作
RPOPLPUSH操作
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "100097" 2. "000098"
./redis-cli rpoplpush list_001 list_999 "000098"
./redis-cli lrange list_001 0 9 1. "100097"
./redis-cli lrange list_999 0 6 1. "000098"
表示将原key的list后面(右边)的值删掉,并保存到指定的目的key中,并返回该值
操作sets类型的值:(sets集合)
Command Parameters Description
SADD key member Add the specified member to the Set value at key
SREM key member Remove the specified member from the Set value at key
SPOP key Remove and return (pop) a random element from the Set
value at key
SMOVE srckey dstkey member Move the specified member from one Set to another
atomically
SCARD key Return the number of elements (the cardinality) of the Set at
key
SISMEMBER key member Test if the specified value is a member of the Set at key
SINTER key1 key2 ... keyN Return the intersection between the Sets stored at key1,
key2, ..., keyN
SINTERSTORE dstkey key1 key2 ... keyN Compute the intersection between the Sets stored at key1, key2, ..., keyN, and store the resulting Set at dstkey
SUNION key1 key2 ... keyN Return the union between the Sets stored at key1, key2, ...,
keyN
SUNIONSTORE dstkey key1 key2 ... keyN Compute the union between the Sets stored at
key1, key2, ..., keyN, and store the resulting Set at dstkey
SDIFF key1 key2 ... keyN Return the difference between the Set stored at key1 and all the Sets key2, ..., keyN
SDIFFSTORE dstkey key1 key2 ... keyN Compute the difference between the Set key1
and all the Sets key2, ..., keyN, and store the resulting Set at dstkey
SMEMBERS key Return all the members of the Set value at key
SRANDMEMBER key Return a random member of the Set value at key
SADD操作
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "Falcon.C" (integer) 1
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "Falcon" (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon" 2. "Falcon.C"
表示向指定key的集合中添加成员
SREM操作
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon" 2. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli srem s_001 Falcon (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C"
表示删除指定key的指定Value成员值
SPOP操作
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "www.linuxtone.org" (integer) 1
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "bbs.linuxtone.org" (integer) 1
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "uc.linuxtone.org"
IT 运维专家网 http://www.LinuxTone.Org
(integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "www.linuxtone.org" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 4. "uc.linuxtone.org"
./redis-cli spop s_001 "www.linuxtone.org"
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 3. "uc.linuxtone.org"
表示从指定key的set集中随机删除一个成员value并返回
SMOVE操作
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "bbs.linuxtone.org"
./redis-cli smove s_001 s_002 bbs.linuxtone.org (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "bbs.linuxtone.org"
表示从一个指定的key中移动一个指定的value 成员到另一个指定的key中,这些操作是具有原子性的
SCARD操作
./redis-cli scard s_001 (integer) 1
./redis-cli scard s_002 (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C"
表示返回指定key 的set集的value成员个数
SISMEMBER操作
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli sismember s_001 Falcon (integer) 0
./redis-cli sismember s_001 Falcon.C (integer) 1
表示判断指定的key的成员是否存在于sets集中
SINTER操作
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "000001" (integer) 1
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "000002" (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "000001" 3. "000002"
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "bbs.linuxtone.org"
./redis-cli sadd s_002 "000001" (integer) 1
./redis-cli sadd s_002 "000002" (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "000001" 2. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 3. "000002"
./redis-cli sinter s_001 s_002 1. "000001" 2. "000002"
表示对指定的key的sets集执行交集操作,返回指定sets集合中相同的value成员
SINTERSTORE操作
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "000003" (integer) 1
./redis-cli sadd s_001 "00000099" (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "000003" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "000001" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli sadd s_002 "000003" (integer) 1
./redis-cli sadd s_002 "00000099" (integer) 1
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "000003" 2. "000001" 3. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "000003" 2. "000001" 3. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli sinterstore s_003 s_001 s_002 (integer) 4
./redis-cli smembers s_003 1. "000003" 2. "000001" 3. "00000099" 4. "000002"
表示将指定的key的sets集做交集,并将结果保存到指定的key中
SUNION操作
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "000003" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "000001" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "000003" 2. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 3. "000001" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli sunion s_001 s_002 1. "000003" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "000001" 4. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 5. "000002" 6. "00000099"
表示对指定的key的sets集合做并集
SUNIONSTORE操作
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "000003" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "000001" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "000003" 2. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 3. "000001" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli sunionstore s_004 s_001 s_002 (integer) 6
./redis-cli smembers s_004 1. "000003" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "000001" 4. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 5. "000002" 6. "00000099"
表示对指定的key的sets集做并集,并将结果保存到指定的key中
SDIFF操作
./redis-cli smembers s_001 1. "000003" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "000001" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli smembers s_002 1. "000003" 2. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 3. "000001" 4. "000002" 5. "00000099"
./redis-cli sdiff s_001 s_002 s_003 s_004 (empty list or set)
./redis-cli sdiff s_001 s_002 1. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli sdiff s_001 s_003 1. "Falcon.C"
表示对给定的第一个key的sets集合与其他的key的sets集合的value进行对比,并返回不同的value的成员
SDIFFSTORE操作
Sdiffstore与sdiff操作一样,只是把不同的sets集合成员保存到一个给定的key的sets集合中
SMEMBERS操作
./redis-cli smembers s_004 1. "000003" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "000001" 4. "bbs.linuxtone.org" 5. "000002" 6. "00000099"
./redis-cli smembers s_003 1. "000003" 2. "000001" 3. "00000099" 4. "000002"
表示返回指定key的所有sets集合的成员
SRANDMEMBER操作
./redis-cli smembers s_003 1. "000003" 2. "000001" 3. "00000099" 4. "000002"
./redis-cli srandmember s_003 "000001"
./redis-cli srandmember s_003 "000002"
./redis-cli srandmember s_003 "000002"
表示返回一个给定key的sets集合中随机的一个成员
操作zsets类型的值:(排序后的sets集合)
Command Parameters Description
ZADD key score member Add the specified member to the Sorted Set value at key
or update the score if it already exist
ZREM key member Remove the specified member from the Sorted Set value
at key
ZINCRBY key increment member If the member already exists increment its score by
increment, otherwise add the member setting increment
as score
ZRANK key member Return the rank (or index) or member in the sorted set at
key, with scores being ordered from low to high
ZREVRANK key member Return the rank (or index) or member in the sorted set at
key, with scores being ordered from high to low
ZRANGE key start end Return a range of elements from the sorted set at key
ZREVRANGE key start end Return a range of elements from the sorted set at key,
exactly like ZRANGE, but the sorted set is ordered in
traversed in reverse order, from the greatest to the
smallest score
ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max Return all the elements with score >= min and score <=
max (a range query) from the sorted set
ZCOUNT key min max Return the number of elements with score >= min and
score <= max in the sorted set
ZCARD key Return the cardinality (number of elements) of the sorted
set at key
ZSCORE key element Return the score associated with the specified element of
the sorted set at key
ZREMRANGEBYRANK key min max Remove all the elements with rank >= min and rank <=
max from the sorted set
ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max Remove all the elements with score >= min and score <=
max from the sorted set
ZUNIONSTORE / ZINTERSTORE dstkey N key1 ... keyN WEIGHTS w1 ... wN AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX Perform a union or intersection over a number of sorted sets with optional
weight and aggregate
ZADD操作
./redis-cli zadd z_001 1 "Falcon.C" (integer) 1
./redis-cli zadd z_001 1 "Falcon" (integer) 0
./redis-cli zadd z_001 1 "LinuxTone" (integer) 1
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 4 1. "Falcon" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "LinuxTone"
表示通过给定的积分顺序插入成员值到指定的key的顺序sets集合中,如果成员存在则插入失败
ZREM操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 4 1. "Falcon" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "LinuxTone" [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli zrem z_001 Falcon (integer) 1
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 4 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "LinuxTone"
表示从给定的key的顺序sets集合中删除指定的成员
ZINCRBY操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 4 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "LinuxTone"
./redis-cli zincrby z_001 2 Falcon.C "3"
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 8 1. "LinuxTone" 2. "Falcon.C"
表示给指定的key的成员的排序积分进行给定的递增值的递增,如果积分为零,则将递增值作为积分排序
ZRANK操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 8 1. "LinuxTone" 2. "0" 3. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli zrank z_001 Falcon.C (integer) 2
表示获取当前指定key的成员在排序sets集合中的排名,从0开始计数(正序)
ZREVRANK操作
与ZRANK一样,从0开始计数(倒序)
ZRANGE操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 8 1. "LinuxTone" 2. "0" 3. "Falcon.C"
表示通过开始值和结束值来获取指定key的排序sets集合中的成员范围
ZREVRANGE操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 2 1. "LinuxTone" 2. "0" 3. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 1 1. "LinuxTone" 2. "0"
./redis-cli zrevrange z_001 0 1 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "0"
表示通过对指定key的排序sets集合倒序后在获取指定范围的成员集
ZRANGEBYSCORE操作
./redis-cli zadd z_001 1 "linuxtone.org" (integer) 1
./redis-cli zadd z_001 2 "qq.com" (integer) 1
./redis-cli zadd z_001 3 "google.com" (integer) 1
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "LinuxTone" 3. "qq.com" 4. "google.com" 5. "0" 6. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli zrangebyscore z_001 2 4 1. "LinuxTone" 2. "qq.com" 3. "google.com"
表示获取指定key的积分范围的排序sets集合的成员
ZCOUNT操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "LinuxTone" 3. "qq.com" 4. "google.com" 5. "0" 6. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli zcount z_001 2 4 (integer) 3
表示获取指定key的积分范围的排序sets集合的成员数量
ZCARD操作
[[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "LinuxTone" 3. "qq.com" 4. "google.com" 5. "0" 6. "Falcon.C"
[[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli zcard z_001 (integer) 6
表示获取指定key的排序sets集合的成员基数
ZSCORE操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "LinuxTone" 3. "qq.com" 4. "google.com" 5. "0" 6. "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli zscore z_001 0 "5"
./redis-cli zscore z_001 qq.com "2"
表示获取指定key的排序sets集合中成员的积分
ZREMRANGEBYRANK操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "LinuxTone" 3. "qq.com" 4. "google.com" 5. "0" 6. "Falcon.C" ./redis-cli zremrangebyrank z_001 4 5 (integer) 2
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "LinuxTone" 3. "qq.com" 4. "google.com"
表示删除指定key的排序sets集合中成员的排名范围的成员(通过排名范围删除成员)
ZREMRANGEBYSCORE操作
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "LinuxTone" 3. "qq.com" 4. "google.com"
./redis-cli zscore z_001 linuxtone.org "1"
./redis-cli zscore z_001 LinuxTone "2" [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli zscore z_001 qq.com "2"
./redis-cli zscore z_001 google.com "3" [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli zremrangebyscore z_001 2 2 (integer) 2
./redis-cli zrange z_001 0 10 1. "linuxtone.org" 2. "google.com"
表示删除通过指定key的排序sets集合中给定范围积分的成员(通过积分范围删除成员)
ZUNIONSTORE/ZINTERSTORE操作
表示通过指定的keys做交际或者并集,并将结果保存到指定的结果集中
操作hash类型的值:
Command Parameters Description
HSET key field value Set the hash field to the specified value. Creates the
hash if needed.
HGET key field Retrieve the value of the specified hash field.
HMGET key field1 ... fieldN Get the hash values associated to the specified
fields.
HMSET key field1 value1 ... fieldN valueN Set the hash fields to their respective
values.
HINCRBY key field integer Increment the integer value of the hash at key on
field with integer.
HEXISTS key field Test for existence of a specified field in a hash
HDEL key field Remove the specified field from a hash
HLEN key Return the number of items in a hash.
HKEYS key Return all the fields in a hash.
HVALS key Return all the values in a hash.
HGETALL key Return all the fields and associated values in a hash.
HSET操作
./redis-cli hset h_uid uid001 'Falcon.C' (integer) 1
./redis-cli hset h_uid uid002 'NetSeek' (integer) 1
./redis-cli hset h_uid uid003 'LinuxTone' (integer) 1
./redis-cli hkeys h_uid 1. "uid001" 2. "uid002" 3. "uid003" [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli hvals h_uid 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "NetSeek" 3. "LinuxTone"
表示给指定的hash字段设置值,如果不存在则创建
HGET操作
./redis-cli hget h_uid uid001 "Falcon.C"
./redis-cli hget h_uid uid002 "NetSeek"
./redis-cli hget h_uid uid003 "LinuxTone"
表示获取指定hash字段的值
HMGET操作
./redis-cli hmget h_uid uid001 uid002 uid003 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "NetSeek" 3. "LinuxTone"
表示批量获取指定hash字段的值
HMSET操作
./redis-cli hmset h_uid uid004 'linuxtone.org' uid005 'qq.com' OK
./redis-cli hkeys h_uid 1. "uid001" 2. "uid002" 3. "uid003" 4. "uid004" 5. "uid005"
./redis-cli hvals h_uid 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "NetSeek" 3. "LinuxTone" 4. "linuxtone.org" 5. "qq.com"
表示批量设置hash字段的值
HINCRBY操作
./redis-cli hincrby h_uid_incr uid 1 (integer) 1
./redis-cli hincrby h_uid_incr uid 1 (integer) 2
./redis-cli hincrby h_uid_incr uid 3 (integer) 5
./redis-cli hvals h_uid_incr 1. "5"
表示对指定的hash字段的值进行递增操作
HEXISTS操作
[./redis-cli hexists h_uid uid001 (integer) 1
./redis-cli hexists h_uid uid0011 (integer) 0
表示判断指定的hash字段是否存在
HDEL操作
./redis-cli hset h_uid uid 1 (integer) 1
./redis-cli hvals h_uid 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "NetSeek" 3. "LinuxTone" 4. "linuxtone.org" 5. "qq.com" 6. "1"
./redis-cli hdel h_uid uid (integer) 1
./redis-cli hvals h_uid 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "NetSeek" 3. "LinuxTone" 4. "linuxtone.org" 5. "qq.com"
表示通过指定的hash字段删除hash值
HLEN操作
./redis-cli hlen h_uid (integer) 5
表示返回hash长度
LKEYS操作
./redis-cli hkeys h_uid 1. "uid001" 2. "uid002" 3. "uid003" 4. "uid004" 5. "uid005"
表示返回指定hash的所有key
HVALS操作
./redis-cli hvals h_uid 1. "Falcon.C" 2. "NetSeek" 3. "LinuxTone" 4. "linuxtone.org" 5. "qq.com"
表示返回指定hash的所有value
HGETALL操作
./redis-cli hgetall h_uid 1. "uid001" 2. "Falcon.C" 3. "uid002" 4. "NetSeek" 5. "uid003" 6. "LinuxTone" 7. "uid004" 8. "linuxtone.org" 9. "uid005" 10. "qq.com"
表示返回指定hash的所有字段及关联的值
公共操作命令部分:(不受数据类型的影响)
Command Parameters Description
SORT key BY pattern LIMIT start end GET pattern ASC|DESC ALPHA Sort a
Set or a List accordingly to the specified parameters
数据持久化控制命令
SAVE - Synchronously save the DB on disk
BGSAVE - Asynchronously save the DB on disk
LASTSAVE - Return the UNIX time stamp of the last successfully saving
of the dataset on disk
SHUTDOWN - Synchronously save the DB on disk, then shutdown the
server
BGREWRITEAOF - Rewrite the append only file in background when it gets
too big
远程服务器控制命令
INFO - Provide information and statistics about the server
MONITOR - Dump all the received requests in real time
SLAVEOF - Change the replication settings
CONFIG - Configure a Redis server at runtime
Redis的master/slave复制:
Redis的master/slave数据复制方式可以是一主一从或者是一主多从的方式,Redis在master是非阻塞模式,也就是说在slave执行数据同步的时候,master是可以接受客户端的请求的,并不影
响同步数据的一致性,然而在slave端是阻塞模式的,slave在同步master数据时,并不能够响应客户端的查询
Redis的master/slave模式下,master提供数据读写服务,而slave只提供读服务
Redis的master/slave的配置方式是在slave主机的Redis目录下的redis.conf配置文件中添加: slaveof master_ip master_port
例如:
我们配置我们的slave为:
redis-slave.conf
daemonize yes
pidfile redis-slave.pid
port 6380 timeout 300
loglevel verbose
logfile stdout
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
rdbcompression yes
dbfilename dump-slave.rdb
dir /home/falcon/redis-2.0.0/
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379
appendonly no
appendfsync everysec
vm-enabled no
vm-swap-file
logs/redis-slave.swap
vm-max-memory 0
vm-page-size 32
vm-pages 134217728
vm-max-threads 4
glueoutputbuf yes
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
activerehashing yes
启动slave:
./redis-server redis-slave.conf
查看状态信息:
./redis-cli -p
6380 info redis_version:1.3.17 redis_git_sha1:00000000 redis_git_dirty:0 arch_bits:32 multiplexing_api:epoll process_id:10772 uptime_in_seconds:249 uptime_in_days:0
connected_clients:2 connected_slaves:0 blocked_clients:0 used_memory:1756868 used_memory_human:1.68M changes_since_last_save:0 bgsave_in_progress:0
last_save_time:1281654285 bgrewriteaof_in_progress:0 total_connections_received:13 total_commands_processed:9 expired_keys:0 hash_max_zipmap_entries:64
hash_max_zipmap_value:512 pubsub_channels:0 pubsub_patterns:0 vm_enabled:0 role:slave master_host:127.0.0.1 master_port:6379 master_link_status:up
master_last_io_seconds_ago:248 db0:keys=23,expires=0 [[email protected] ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli -p 6379 info redis_version:1.3.17 redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0 arch_bits:32 multiplexing_api:epoll process_id:7663 uptime_in_seconds:16787 uptime_in_days:0 connected_clients:1 connected_slaves:1 blocked_clients:0
used_memory:1757232 used_memory_human:1.68M changes_since_last_save:0 bgsave_in_progress:0 last_save_time:1281654286 bgrewriteaof_in_progress:0
total_connections_received:835 total_commands_processed:55953 expired_keys:1 hash_max_zipmap_entries:64 hash_max_zipmap_value:512 pubsub_channels:0 pubsub_patterns:0
vm_enabled:0 role:master db0:keys=23,expires=0
解释:
1、 标注为master/slave端口和运行模式
2、 标注为master/slave数据是否同步,目前显示为keys 23个,0个过期
扩展思维:
Redis可以做一主一从,也可以做一主多从,更可以做一主一从,在从下面再挂从,大家可以根据需求做这样的试验
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