整合ssm之前,在回顾一下ssm作用:
ssm整合首先要先搭建好Spring环境,通过Spring去整合Mybatis和SpringMVC,还是要拿出之前的那张图
在ssm整合这个案例中,主要的需求是,在index.jsp中点击”查询account“,然后将请求传递到Controller,调用service层,然后service调用dao层,最后将结果返回到显示页面list.jsp
创建ssm项目的整合,应该做到对每个框架进行单独的测试,当配置完一个框架,就要进行测试
因为要创建web项目,所以可以选择一个骨架,
在创建项目的时候可以添加一个键值对,这样在创建maven工程的时候会加快速度,同时也可以选择阿里云的镜像,这样创建工程就更快
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保
看到success则工程创建完毕!
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASEspring.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12log4j.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6mysql.version>
<mybatis.version>3.4.5mybatis.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
<version>1.6.8version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>4.12version>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>2.5version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
<artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
<version>2.0version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstlgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4jgroupId>
<artifactId>log4jartifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-springartifactId>
<version>1.3.0version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2version>
<type>jartype>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>4.11version>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
因为webapp骨架,不会给我们自动创建java和resource目录,所以我们需要手动创建,并且make directory as 一下,在idea的2019.3的版本中,创建文件夹时,idea可以让我们选择java或者resource,这样就可以不用make directory as
com.ssm.domain.Account
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/7 20:24
*/
public class Account implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double money;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
}
com.ssm.dao.AccountDao
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/7 20:26
*/
public interface AccountDao {
/**
* 保存账户
* @param account
*/
public void saveAccount(Account account);
/**
* 查询账户
* @return
*/
public List<Account> findAll();
}
com.ssm.service.AccountService
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/7 20:29
*/
public interface AccountService {
/**
* 保存账户
* @param account
*/
public void saveAccount(Account account);
/**
* 查询账户
* @return
*/
public List<Account> findAll();
}
com.ssm.service.Impl.AccountServiceImpl
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/7 20:30
*/
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
private AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.saveAccount(account);
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAll() {
List<Account> accounts = accountDao.findAll();
System.out.println("service层");
return accounts;
}
}
配置文件很显然需要写在resources目录下applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ssm">context:component-scan>
beans>
这个简单,就在AccountServiceImpl加上注解@Service(“accountService”)
src/test/java/com/ssm/test
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/7 20:43
*/
public class test {
@Test
public void testSpring(){
//读入配置文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountService accountService = ac.getBean("accountService", AccountService.class);
System.out.println(accountService);
}
}
控制台打印结果
index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="account/findAll">查询所有</a>
</body>
</html>
前端控制器是SpringMVC的核心控制器,是一个转发中心。这里需要注意的是前端控制器的名字是不能随便更改的。我们知道,前端控制器是在web.xml中配置
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Applicationdisplay-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
在springmvc的配置文件中,需要配置扫描Controller包的注解以便将Controller交给Spring的ioc来管理,需要配置视图解析器,还需要设置静态资源不加载,开启SpringMVC的注解支持,这里还需要注意,springmvc里的配置只需要扫描Contrallor的注解,别的注解不扫描,这个时候还需要一个子标签
springmvc.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ssm">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
context:component-scan>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/">property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp">property>
bean>
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/" location="/css/**">mvc:resources>
<mvc:resources mapping="/images/" location="/images/**">mvc:resources>
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/" location="/js/**">mvc:resources>
<mvc:annotation-driven>mvc:annotation-driven>
beans>
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/8 13:55
*/
@Controller("accountController")
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountControllor {
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public String findAll(){
System.out.println("表现层。。");
return "list";
}
}
Spring整合SpringMVC的目的是,在Controllor中能够调用Service的方法。要能够调用这个方法,其中要解决的最大的问题就是,Spring的配置文件怎么加载,如何加载,在上面中spring的配置文件是applicationContext.xml,单独的去使用Spring时,要使用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext对象去加载配置文件,整合SpringMVC的时候该如何让加载呢?
有一种方法很容易想到,我在Controller里面new一个ClassPathXmlApplication-Context去加载配置文件,也就是说
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/8 13:55
*/
@Controller("accountController")
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountControllor {
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public String findAll(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
System.out.println("表现层。。");
//调用service层
List<Account> accounts = accountService.findAll();
return "list";
}
}
当点击“查询所有时”,控制台打印
很显然这样写,是能够出结果的,但是弊端也很显然,我只能在页面要发出请求到我们的Controller时才被加载,还有一个更要不得的问题,这样编写,是不是加大了程序之间的耦合,使用spring的好处之一就是为了减少程序之间的耦合。显然这种方法是不可取的,这种方法是我在思考ssm该如何让整合时想到的愚蠢的想法。
在web基础阶段,有web三大组件:servlet,Filter,Listener。可以让Listener在服务器一启动的时候,就去加载配置文件,既然SpringMVC也属于Spring的一部分,那么Spring中就有整和SpringMVC的方式
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
context-param>
SqlMapConfig.xml是Mybatis的主配置文件,在这个配置文件里,需要配置数据源,和需要被动态代理创建的dao类的全限定类名
<configuration>
<environments default="mysql">
<environment id="mysql">
<transactionManager type="JDBC">transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///ssm"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="213213"/>
dataSource>
environment>
environments>
<mappers>
<package name="com.ssm.dao"/>
mappers>
configuration>
可以使用注解和配置文件的方式来,这根据个人习惯,单表操作我更喜欢直接用注解的的方式,涉及到多表的操作则使用xml配置文件,所以这里使用注解
com.ssm.dao.AccountDao
/**
* author by four and ten
* create by 2020/4/7 20:26
*/
public interface AccountDao {
/**
* 保存账户
* @param account
*/
public void saveAccount(Account account);
/**
* 查询账户
* @return
*/
@Select("select * from account")
public List<Account> findAll();
}
@Test
public void testMybatis() throws IOException {
InputStream rs = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
SqlSessionFactory build = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(rs);
SqlSession session = build.openSession();
AccountDao accountDao = session.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
List<Account> accounts = accountDao.findAll();
for (Account account : accounts) {
System.out.println(account);
}
}
Spring整合Mybatis同样有相同的问题,mybatis的配置文件怎么放,怎么去读取,啥时候去读取,我们在导入jar包的时候,会发现导入了一个mybatis-spring这样的坐标,那么很显然,这就是spring整合Mybatis的jar包。
回顾一下Mybatis的测试代码,首先是使用构建者模式(通过new一个SqlSession-FactoryBuilder)获取SqlSessionFactory对象,然后使用工厂模式来获取SqlSession对象,最后使用代理模式获取dao对象。会发现这里涉及到了很多对象,而我们最终需要的只是dao对象,刚好,spring的最强大的能力之一便是管理对象,所以我们将这些对象全部交给Spring来管理,我们只需要拿到dao对象即可!
在整合的过程中,需要配置数据源,这是很显然的,还需要将sqlsession对象装进ioc容器
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ssm">context:component-scan>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver">property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///ssm">property>
<property name="username" value="root">property>
<property name="password" value="213213">property>
bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource">property>
bean>
<bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.ssm.dao">property>
bean>
beans>
直接添加一个注解Repository
@Repository("accountDao")
public interface AccountDao {
/**
* 保存账户
* @param account
*/
public void saveAccount(Account account);
/**
* 查询账户
* @return
*/
@Select("select * from account")
public List<Account> findAll();
}
@Test
public void testSpring_Mybatis(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountDao dao = ac.getBean(AccountDao.class);
System.out.println(dao);
}
说明我们的dao已经交给了spring的ioc容器来管理,Spring整合Mybatis成功!
Spring已经将Mybatis和SpringMVC整合完成,最后只需要在Service中注入dao对象,那么就完成了Controllor调用Service,Service调用Dao
com.ssm.service.Impl.AccountServiceImpl
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
private AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.saveAccount(account);
}
@Override
public List<Account> findAll() {
List<Account> accounts = accountDao.findAll();
System.out.println("service层");
return accounts;
}
}
再来回顾一下整个逻辑:启动服务器跳转到页面index.jsp点击“查询所有”,将请求发送到Controllor中,Controllor调用Service,Service调用Dao,Dao将结果封装成list集合返回到Controllor,Controllor在将页面跳转到list.jsp页面,所以最后需要编写list.jsp,当然要注意list.jsp是要在WEB-INF/pages/目录下,因为在web.xml中配置的视图解析器就是这个路径
list.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
<h3>查询所有的帐户h3>
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="account">
${account}
c:forEach>
body>
html>
运行结果:
ssm整合的要点是要先搭建好各个环境,一一测试成功之后在进行整合,整合的中心是Spring,Spring整合SpringMVC的要点是需要在web.xml中配置监听器,让服务器一启动就加载Spring的配置文件,Spring整合Mybatis的要点是,将原有的SqlMap-Config.xml文件整合到Spring的配置文件之中,这里只需要将SqlSessionFactoryBean对象加入ioc容器中,那么Mybatis中的SqlSession对象就被创建到Spring的ioc容器中,SqlSession对象有了,那么再将dao加入ioc容器,我们需要的dao对象就有了,整个过程大致就是这样。