lvm 磁盘管理
逻辑卷磁盘管理
lvm是一个工具，可以将多个磁盘或多个分区，整合成一个文件系统分区，比如你有4个硬盘，每个硬盘是1T的容量，通过lvm ，就可以制作成一个4T的磁盘挂载到/mnt 目录提供存储服务。
查看所有分区信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 83884031 41940992 83 Linux
[root@localhost ~]#
安装lvm2
yum install lvm2 -y
lvm2的描述信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum info lvm2
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
Name : lvm2
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 7
Version : 2.02.180
Release : 10.el7_6.7
Size : 3.0 M
Repo : installed
From repo : updates
Summary : Userland logical volume management tools
URL : http://sources.redhat.com/lvm2
License : GPLv2
Description : LVM2 includes all of the support for handling read/write operations on
: physical volumes (hard disks, RAID-Systems, magneto optical, etc.,
: multiple devices (MD), see mdadm(8) or even loop devices, see
: losetup(8)), creating volume groups (kind of virtual disks) from one
: or more physical volumes and creating one or more logical volumes
: (kind of logical partitions) in volume groups.
Available Packages
Name : lvm2
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 7
Version : 2.02.180
Release : 10.el7_6.8
Size : 1.3 M
Repo : updates/7/x86_64
Summary : Userland logical volume management tools
URL : http://sources.redhat.com/lvm2
License : GPLv2
Description : LVM2 includes all of the support for handling read/write operations on
: physical volumes (hard disks, RAID-Systems, magneto optical, etc.,
: multiple devices (MD), see mdadm(8) or even loop devices, see
: losetup(8)), creating volume groups (kind of virtual disks) from one
: or more physical volumes and creating one or more logical volumes
: (kind of logical partitions) in volume groups.
[root@localhost ~]#
删除旧的磁盘分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x57181a0a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4194303 2096128 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
创建磁盘分区1
其中8e指定分区类型为lvm
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
创建磁盘分区2
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6115b360.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): +2G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): +1.8G
Unsupported suffix: '.8G'.
Supported: 10^N: KB (KiloByte), MB (MegaByte), GB (GigaByte)
2^N: K (KibiByte), M (MebiByte), G (GibiByte)
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6115b360
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
创建磁盘分区3
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2a7fe36f.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): 800M
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +800M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 800 MiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2a7fe36f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 2048 1640447 819200 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
创建物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd1
Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.
查看当前物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID icFgbd-fF7D-xf31-zx0x-H4Bc-EFOX-N1D5BO
"/dev/sdd1" is a new physical volume of "800.00 MiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdd1
VG Name
PV Size 800.00 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 9n3Lmq-sjor-b8hC-fcXh-QhaZ-dSYe-dMJ7sx
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID CWTPxW-PbON-udSB-Sa17-drs6-FvSt-uCtDDA
[root@localhost ~]#
列出已存在物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdd1 lvm2 --- 800.00m 800.00m
[root@localhost ~]#
pvremove /dev/sdb3 删除/恢复物理卷（如果需要缩容）
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdd1 lvm2 --- 800.00m 800.00m
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdd1 lvm2 --- 800.00m 800.00m
[root@localhost ~]#
vgcreate创建卷组：
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
Volume group "vg1" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]#
vgdisplay和vgs查看卷组：
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size <2.77 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 709
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 709 / <2.77 GiB
VG UUID 4niFDx-ie5Y-oxf6-8T86-O96e-6QnV-P4hiQE
[root@localhost ~]#
lvcreate创建逻辑卷：
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1
Logical volume "lv1" created.
[root@localhost ~]#
逻辑卷设备文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/vg1/lv1
/dev/vg1/lv1
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/vg1/lv1 -l
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 11 20:41 /dev/vg1/lv1 -> ../dm-0
[root@localhost ~]#
格式化逻辑卷lv1为ext4文件系统：
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext
mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
25688 inodes, 102400 blocks
5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
13 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1976 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]
挂载使用逻辑卷：
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 38G 7.8G 30G 21% /
devtmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /dev
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 914M 9.0M 905M 1% /run
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 297M 115M 183M 39% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 93M 1.6M 85M 2% /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/
扩容逻辑卷
- lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
- e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 检查磁盘错误（ext4执行）
- resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 更新逻辑卷信息（ext4执行）
- xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1 xfs 文件系统需要执行
缩减逻辑卷（xfs不支持）
- 先umounty已经挂载的逻辑卷
- e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 检查磁盘错误（ext）
- resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 100M 更新逻辑卷信息（ext）
- lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
直接删除逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg1/lv1
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lv1" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]#
查看逻辑卷总的容量大小。创建最大容量的逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size <2.77 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 709
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 709 / <2.77 GiB
VG UUID 4niFDx-ie5Y-oxf6-8T86-O96e-6QnV-P4hiQE
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 2700M -n lv1 vg1
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/vg1/lv1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/vg1/lv1.
Logical volume "lv1" created.
[root@localhost ~]#
格式化本次创建的逻辑卷lv1为ext4文件系统，并挂载使用逻辑卷：
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
172832 inodes, 691200 blocks
34560 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=708837376
22 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7856 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg
vg1/ vga_arbiter
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 38G 7.8G 30G 21% /
devtmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /dev
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 914M 9.0M 905M 1% /run
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 297M 115M 183M 39% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 2.6G 8.0M 2.4G 1% /mnt
[root@localhost ~]#
设置lvm开机自动挂载
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon May 27 10:32:20 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=c9305e2c-0722-43a6-a536-c94fedbe7d48 / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=7cb44bde-e4c2-4639-9b63-4d2373ed1bb2 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=ac576e44-e341-4a18-8a3b-1521ad380bfd swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0
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