nginx配置生成json格式
Nginx 日志默认为普通文本的格式，例如，下面是 Nginx 的一行访问日志：
10.88.122.105 - - [02/Dec/2017:09:15:04 +0800] "GET /js/pagination.js HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "http://10.88.105.20:8063/stockrecommand.html" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)" "-" 0.000
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为了便于利用 Elastic Stack 日志平台收集展示 Nginx 的日志，可以将 Nginx 的日志改成 json 的格式。修改后的 json 日志格式如下所示：
{ "@timestamp": "12/Dec/2017:14:30:40 +0800", "remote_addr": "10.88.122.108", "referer": "-", "request": "GET / HTTP/1.1", "status": 304, "bytes":0, "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.84 Safari/537.36", "x_forwarded": "-", "up_addr": "-","up_host": "-","up_resp_time": "-","request_time": "0.000" }
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为了修改 Nginx 的日志格式改成 json，需要修改 Nginx 的配置文件，笔者 Nginx 的配置文件为 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf。
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $request_time';
log_format log_json '{ "@timestamp": "$time_local", '
'"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", '
'"referer": "$http_referer", '
'"request": "$request", '
'"status": $status, '
'"bytes": $body_bytes_sent, '
'"agent": "$http_user_agent", '
'"x_forwarded": "$http_x_forwarded_for", '
'"up_addr": "$upstream_addr",'
'"up_host": "$upstream_http_host",'
'"up_resp_time": "$upstream_response_time",'
'"request_time": "$request_time"'
' }';
access_log logs/access.log log_json;
(省略内容)
}
在 Nginx 的配置文件nginx.conf中，我们定义了两种的日志格式：main和log_json，其中，main为普通的文本格式，log_json为 json 格式。log_json其实就是手工构造一个 json 字符串。定义了 json 的日志格式后，便可以指定 access log 为 json 格式：
access_log logs/access.log log_json;
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修改 Nginx 的配置，重启 Nginx ，便可以看到 json 格式的日志，重启 Nginx：
nginx -s reload
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参考资料
http://www.ttlsa.com/nginx/nginx-log-records-in-json-format/
http://www.iteye.com/topic/1138111