Android 多渠道打包提速
之前打包我们项目中还是用的Studio中的 build.gradle 里 配置 『productFlavors』，
以便使用Gradle构建Apk时，动态的替换manifest中的相应配置，来达到多渠道打包的目的
这样打包比较慢，今天看了网上流行的Python打包，原理如下：
> 使用Python或其它方式(如纯java)，解压一个已经签名的apk(如果未签名，脚本中也可以动态签名)
> 在解压后的目录META-INF中，通过脚本代码动态创建一个规则命名的渠道空文件
> 将这空文件压入到新复制出的apk的META-INF目录下
> app中，动态读取 渠道文件名 的字符串，并使用
apk用的是java那一套签名，放在META-INF文件夹里的文件原则上是不参与签名的。
如果Google修改了apk的签名规则，这一套可能就不适用了。
这里贴一份纯Java实现上面提到的功能代码(出自：https://github.com/xiaohongmaosimida/apkSignAndAddChannels/blob/master/ChangeAPKChannel.java)：
package com.stone;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor;
import java.awt.datatransfer.Transferable;
import java.awt.datatransfer.UnsupportedFlavorException;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.TransferHandler;
import com.umeng.analytics.MobclickAgent;
import net.lingala.zip4j.model.ZipParameters;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
class ChangeAPKChannel extends TransferHandler {
private JTextArea textarea;
private JButton button;
private static final byte[] BUFFER = new byte[4096 * 1024];
private static String keystorePath;
private static String storepass; //这里放签名文件的密码
private static String keypass;//这里放签名文件的密码
private static String alias;//这里放签名文件的别名
public ChangeAPKChannel(JTextArea filePathList, JButton button) {
this.textarea = filePathList;
this.button = button;
// MobclickAgent.startWithConfigure(new com.umeng.analytics.MobclickAgent.UMAnalyticsConfig(application, "appkey", "channelId"));
}
public boolean importData(JComponent c, Transferable t) {
try {
List files = (List) t.getTransferData(DataFlavor.javaFileListFlavor);
// FileReader reader = new FileReader((File)files.get(0));
// textarea.read(reader, null);
Iterator iterator = files.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
File f = (File) iterator.next();
if (f.isFile()) {
textarea.setText(f.getAbsolutePath());
} else {
textarea.setText("不是标准文件");
}
}
// reader.close();
return true;
} catch (UnsupportedFlavorException ufe) {
ufe.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
public boolean canImport(JComponent c, DataFlavor[] flavors) {
for (int i = 0; i < flavors.length; i++) {
if (DataFlavor.javaFileListFlavor.equals(flavors[i])) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
keystorePath = "stone.keystore";
storepass = "482935"; //这里放签名文件的密码
keypass = "482935";//这里放签名文件的密码
alias = "stone";//这里放签名文件的别名
final JTextArea textarea = new JTextArea(10, 30);
JButton button = new JButton("添加渠道");
textarea.setText("拖动要添加渠道的apk到这个窗口里面 ");
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("empty-statement")
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String apk_path = "";
if (textarea.getText().equals("不是标准文件")) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "路径出错");
} else {
apk_path = textarea.getText().trim();
if (!apk_path.substring(apk_path.length() - 3, apk_path.length()).equals("apk")) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不是apk文件哦");
return;
}
try {
ZipFile apkZipFile = new ZipFile(apk_path);
File apkFile;
Enumeration entries = apkZipFile.entries();
String fileName;
int i = 0;
while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
fileName = entries.nextElement().getName().trim();
if (fileName.contains("META-INF")) {
i = 1;
if (fileName.contains("META-INF/channel_")) {
fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.indexOf("channel_") + 13, fileName.length());
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "已有渠道：" + fileName);
return;
}
}
}
String path = new File(".").getCanonicalPath();
File file = new File(path);
File[] listFiles = file.listFiles();
System.out.println(apk_path);
String apkName = apk_path.substring(apk_path.lastIndexOf("/") + 1,
apk_path.lastIndexOf(".apk"));
if (i == 0) {// 签名
// JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
// "此包还没有签名，签名之后才能打渠道包哦");
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
textarea.setText("正在签名...");
}
}).start();
Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process process = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
createFiles(path + "/out_" + apkName + "/");
String newApkPath = path + "/out_" + apkName + "/sign_nochannel_" + apkName + ".apk";
for (File ff : listFiles) {
if (ff.getName().toString().trim().contains(".keystore")) {
keystorePath = ff.getPath().toString().trim();
break;
}
}
if (keystorePath == null || keystorePath.equals("")) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "请把签名文件放在打包工具相同路径下");
textarea.setText("请把签名文件放在打包工具相同路径下");
return;
}
String cmd = "jarsigner -digestalg SHA1 -sigalg MD5withRSA -verbose -keystore "
+ keystorePath + " -storepass " + storepass + " -signedjar " + newApkPath + " "
+ apk_path + " " + alias + " -keypass " + keypass;
System.out.println(cmd);
process = runtime.exec(cmd);
// 两个线程输出log
new Thread(new StreamDrainer(process.getInputStream())).start();
new Thread(new StreamDrainer(process.getErrorStream())).start();
int exitValue = process.waitFor();
System.out.println("返回值：" + exitValue);
process.destroy();
if (exitValue == 0) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "签名完成，正在打包...");
textarea.setText("已签名，正在打包...");
// return;
} else if (exitValue == 1) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "签名错误，请联系@李朋");
textarea.setText("签名错误，请联系@李朋");
}
apkFile = new File(newApkPath);
} else {
apkFile = new File(apk_path);
textarea.setText("已签名，正在打包...");
// JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "已签名");
}
// JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "此包还没有添加渠道信息");
// 能走到这一步说明没有渠道，开始签渠道包
// 获取info文件
File infoFile = getFileFormParent(file, "info");
// 获取info文件里面的包含channel_的渠道文件
ArrayList channelFiles = getFilesFormParent(infoFile, "channels");
// 遍历channel文件
for (File channelFile : channelFiles) {
// 创建一个放签名包的文件夹
String channelFileName = channelFile.getName().toString().trim();
channelFileName = channelFileName.substring(0, channelFileName.length() - 4);
String channelAPKFolderName = path + "/out_" + apkName + "/" + channelFileName + "/";
createFiles(channelAPKFolderName);
// 读取渠道txt里的渠道数据
InputStreamReader read = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(channelFile), "UTF-8");// 考虑到编码格式
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(read);
String lineTxt = null;
ArrayList lines = new ArrayList();
// 将渠道读取到字符串list里来
while ((lineTxt = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
if (!lineTxt.equals("")) {
lines.add(lineTxt.trim());
}
}
// 关闭
read.close();
bufferedReader.close();
// 遍历渠道信息
String newAPKPath;
for (String channel : lines) {
System.out.println("下面打：" + channel + "的渠道");
// 复制apk到文件夹下
newAPKPath = channelAPKFolderName + channel + ".apk";
System.out.println("签名包路径：" + newAPKPath);
File newAPKFile = createFile(newAPKPath);
fileChannelCopy(apkFile, newAPKFile);
// 修改渠道创建一个渠道名的文件
net.lingala.zip4j.core.ZipFile newAPKZipFile;
newAPKZipFile = new net.lingala.zip4j.core.ZipFile(newAPKPath);
File METAFile = new File(path + "/info/META-INF/");
deleteFiles(METAFile);
System.out.println(METAFile);
createFiles(path + "/info/META-INF/");
System.out.println(path + "/info/META-INF/channel_" + channel);
createFile(path + "/info/META-INF/channel_" + channel);
ZipParameters parameters = new ZipParameters();
newAPKZipFile.addFolder(METAFile, parameters);
}
}
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "添加渠道信息完成");
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
Logger.getLogger(ChangeAPKChannel.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
}
});
textarea.setTransferHandler(new ChangeAPKChannel(textarea, button));
JFrame f = new JFrame("<签名>拖动要添加渠道信息的apk到这个窗口里面 ");
f.getContentPane().add(new JScrollPane(textarea), BorderLayout.CENTER);
f.getContentPane().add(new JScrollPane(button), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
f.pack();
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setBounds(400, 300, 400, 500);
f.setVisible(true);
}
// 从父文件夹获取等于此名字的子文件
private static File getFileFormParent(File file, String name) {
File[] f = file.listFiles();
for (File ff : f) {
if (ff.getName().toString().equals(name)) {
return ff;
}
}
return null;
}
// 从父文件夹获取包含此名字的子文件集合
private static ArrayList getFilesFormParent(File file, String name) {
File[] f = file.listFiles();
ArrayList paths = new ArrayList();
String fileName;
for (File ff : f) {
fileName = ff.getName().toString();
if (fileName.contains(name)) {
paths.add(ff);
}
}
return paths;
}
// 创建一个文件夹，绝对路径
private static File createFiles(File file) {
// if (!file.exists()) {
file.mkdirs();
// }
return file;
}
// 创建一个文件夹，绝对路径
private static File createFiles(String path) {
File file = new File(path);
return createFiles(file);
}
// 删除一个文件夹，绝对路径
private static boolean deleteFiles(File file) {
if (file.exists()) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
File[] listFiles = file.listFiles();
for (File fffff : listFiles) {
deleteFiles(fffff);
}
file.delete();
} else {
file.delete();
}
}
return true;
}
// 创建一个文件,绝对路径
private static File createFile(String path) {
File file = new File(path);
if (!file.exists()) {
try {
file.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(ChangeAPKChannel.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
return file;
}
public static void fileChannelCopy(File s, File t) {
FileInputStream fi = null;
FileOutputStream fo = null;
FileChannel in = null;
FileChannel out = null;
try {
fi = new FileInputStream(s);
fo = new FileOutputStream(t);
in = fi.getChannel();// 得到对应的文件通道
out = fo.getChannel();// 得到对应的文件通道
in.transferTo(0, in.size(), out);// 连接两个通道，并且从in通道读取，然后写入out通道
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
fi.close();
in.close();
fo.close();
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
class StreamDrainer implements Runnable {
private InputStream ins;
public StreamDrainer(InputStream ins) {
this.ins = ins;
}
public void run() {
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ins));
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
上面最终会压入一个METAFile，在某些市场上传时，可能还要求apk zip aligned
附上一段linux/mac的shell脚本:
if [ -d "release" ]
then
if [ -d "release/zipaligned" ]
then
rm -rf "release/zipaligned"
fi
mkdir "release/zipaligned"
for file in ./release/*
do
if test -f $file
then
echo "${file##*/}"
/Users/stone/Documents/sdk/build-tools/25.0.2/zipalign -v 4 $file release/zipaligned/${file##*/}
fi
done
else
echo "No release folder, can not go on zipalign"
fi参考链接中，有windows的bat脚本，我这就不贴了
上面呢，也仅是在apk根据目录的META-INF目录建立了一个名为 channel_xxx 的空文件，
而还需要在代码中进行读取，读取的工具类(该类放在安卓项目中)：
package base.utils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;
import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.text.TextUtils;
public class ChannelUtil {
private static final String CHANNEL_KEY = "channel_key";
private static final String READ_CHANNEL_KEY = "channel_";
private static final String CHANNEL_VERSION_KEY = "channel_version_key";
private static String mChannel;
/**
* 返回市场。 如果获取失败返回""
* @param context
* @return
*/
public static String getChannel(Context context){
return getChannel(context, "");
}
/**
* 返回市场。 如果获取失败返回defaultChannel
* @param context
* @param defaultChannel
* @return
*/
public static String getChannel(Context context, String defaultChannel) {
//内存中获取
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(mChannel)){
return mChannel;
}
//sp中获取
mChannel = getChannelBySharedPreferences(context);
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(mChannel)){
return mChannel;
}
//从apk中获取
mChannel = getChannelFromApk(context, READ_CHANNEL_KEY);
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(mChannel)){
//保存sp中备用
saveChannelBySharedPreferences(context, mChannel);
return mChannel;
}
//全部获取失败
return defaultChannel;
}
/**
* 从apk中获取版本信息
* @param context
* @param channelKey
* @return
*/
private static String getChannelFromApk(Context context, String channelKey) {
//从apk包中获取
ApplicationInfo appinfo = context.getApplicationInfo();
String sourceDir = appinfo.sourceDir;
//默认放在meta-inf/里， 所以需要再拼接一下
String key = "META-INF/" + channelKey;
String ret = "";
ZipFile zipfile = null;
try {
zipfile = new ZipFile(sourceDir);
Enumeration entries = zipfile.entries();
while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
ZipEntry entry = ((ZipEntry) entries.nextElement());
String entryName = entry.getName();
if (entryName.startsWith(key)) {
ret = entryName;
break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (zipfile != null) {
try {
zipfile.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
String[] split = ret.split("_");
String channel = "";
if (split != null && split.length >= 2) {
channel = ret.substring(split[0].length() + 1);
}
return channel;
}
/**
* 本地保存channel & 对应版本号
* @param context
* @param channel
*/
private static void saveChannelBySharedPreferences(Context context, String channel){
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
Editor editor = sp.edit();
editor.putString(CHANNEL_KEY, channel);
editor.putInt(CHANNEL_VERSION_KEY, getVersionCode(context));
editor.commit();
}
/**
* 从sp中获取channel
* @param context
* @return 为空表示获取异常、sp中的值已经失效、sp中没有此值
*/
private static String getChannelBySharedPreferences(Context context){
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
int currentVersionCode = getVersionCode(context);
if(currentVersionCode == -1){
//获取错误
return "";
}
int versionCodeSaved = sp.getInt(CHANNEL_VERSION_KEY, -1);
if(versionCodeSaved == -1){
//本地没有存储的channel对应的版本号
//第一次使用 或者 原先存储版本号异常
return "";
}
if(currentVersionCode != versionCodeSaved){
return "";
}
return sp.getString(CHANNEL_KEY, "");
}
/**
* 从包信息中获取版本号
* @param context
* @return
*/
private static int getVersionCode(Context context){
try{
return context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0).versionCode;
}catch(NameNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return -1;
}
}这样通过代码就能拿到渠道名了
String channel = ChannelUtil.getChannel(this, "360");比如友盟统计中设置渠道(6.0版本后)，以下摘自友盟统计开发指南：
如果希望在代码中配置Appkey、Channel、Token（Dplus）等信息，请在程序入口处调用如下方法：
MobclickAgent. startWithConfigure(UMAnalyticsConfig config)
UMAnalyticsConfig初始化参数类，提供多参数构造方式：
UMAnalyticsConfig(Context context, String appkey, String channelId)好了，这样就可以了。如上，我们只需要有Java环境就可以打包了
当然，参考链接中，还有python脚本实现渠道名注入的相关指导
在此，感谢各路大大分享的精神~~
可能看第1部分关于注入渠道名的 一些代码有点累，这里放个demo地址：
https://github.com/aa86799/ApkChannelBuild
关于studio flavors打包方式，另见我的：
Android 多渠道打包：使用Gradle和Android Studio
参考：
Android多渠道打包之Python打包 ---- http://www.jianshu.com/p/52a3c3187dcc
Android批量打包提速 - 1分钟900个市场不是梦 ------ http://www.cnblogs.com/ct2011/p/4152323.html