Predicate的源码跟Function的很像,我们可以对比这两个来分析下。直接上Predicate的源码:
public interface Predicate {
/**
* Evaluates this predicate on the given argument.
*/
boolean test(T t);
/**
* Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
* AND of this predicate and another. When evaluating the composed
* predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
* predicate is not evaluated.
*/
default Predicate and(Predicate super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
* predicate.
*/
default Predicate negate() {
return (t) -> !test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
* OR of this predicate and another. When evaluating the composed
* predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
* predicate is not evaluated.
*/
default Predicate or(Predicate super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
* to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
*/
static Predicate isEqual(Object targetRef) {
return (null == targetRef)
? Objects::isNull
: object -> targetRef.equals(object);
}
}
Predicate是个断言式接口其参数是
boolean test(T t);
接下来我们看看Predicate默认实现的三个重要方法and,or和negate
default Predicate and(Predicate super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
}
default Predicate negate() {
return (t) -> !test(t);
}
default Predicate or(Predicate super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
}
这三个方法对应了java的三个连接符号&&、||和!,基本的使用十分简单,我们给一个例子看看:
int[] numbers= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15};
List list=new ArrayList<>();
for(int i:numbers) {
list.add(i);
}
Predicate p1=i->i>5;
Predicate p2=i->i<20;
Predicate p3=i->i%2==0;
List test=list.stream().filter(p1.and(p2).and(p3)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(test.toString());
/** print:[6, 8, 10, 12, 14]*/
我们定义了三个断言p1,p2,p3。现在有一个从1~15的list,我们需要过滤这个list。上述的filter是过滤出所有大于5小于20,并且是偶数的列表。
假如突然我们的需求变了,我们现在需要过滤出奇数。那么我不可能直接去改Predicate,因为实际项目中这个条件可能在别的地方也要使用。那么此时我只需要更改filter中Predicate的条件。
List test=list.stream().filter(p1.and(p2).and(p3.negate())).collect(Collectors.toList());
/** print:[7, 9, 11, 13, 15]*/
我们直接对p3这个条件取反就可以实现了。是不是很简单?
isEqual这个方法的返回类型也是Predicate,所以我们也可以把它作为函数式接口进行使用。我们可以当做==操作符来使用。
List test=list.stream()
.filter(p1.and(p2).and(p3.negate()).and(Predicate.isEqual(7)))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
/** print:[7] */