ProxySQL实现mysql读写分离
环境说明
| IP | 角色 | 应用 | 系统平台 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.118.222 | 读写分离解析主机 | proxysql | rhel7.4 |
| 192.168.118.112 | master | mariadb | rhel7.4 |
| 192.168.118.100 | slave | mariadb | rhel7.4 |
关闭防火墙,关闭selinux
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@server01 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
安装mysql并配置主从
安装proxysql
#安装mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
#配置proxysql的yum源
安装proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo
[proxysql_repo]
name= ProxySQL
baseurl=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/centos/7
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:6032 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
在192.168.118.112（主库）上添加proxysql可以增删查改的账号
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'proxysql'@'192.168.118.222' identified by 'pwproxysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登录proxysql管理端
[root@localhost ~]# export MYSQL_PS1="(\u@\h:\p) [\d]> "
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> show tables from main;
+--------------------------------------------+
| tables |
+--------------------------------------------+
| global_variables |
| mysql_collations |
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_query_rules |
| mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_servers |
| mysql_users |
| proxysql_servers |
| runtime_checksums_values |
| runtime_global_variables |
| runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_servers |
| runtime_mysql_users |
| runtime_proxysql_servers |
| runtime_scheduler |
| scheduler |
+--------------------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用 insert 语句添加 mysql 主机到 mysql_servers 表中，其中：hostgroup_id 1 表示写组，2表示读组
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(1,'192.168.118.112',3306,1,'Write Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(2,'192.168.118.100',3306,1,'Read Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers;
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
| 1 | 192.168.118.112 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Write Group |
| 2 | 192.168.118.100 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Read Group |
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#修改后，需要加载到RUNTIME，并保存到disk
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent)values('proxysql','pwproxysql',1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> elect * from mysql_users \G
ERROR 1045 (#2800): near "elect": syntax error
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> select * from mysql_users \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
username: proxysql
password: pwproxysql
active: 1
use_ssl: 0
default_hostgroup: 1
default_schema: NULL
schema_locked: 0
transaction_persistent: 1
fast_forward: 0
backend: 1
frontend: 1
max_connections: 10000
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> save mysql users to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
在mysql的 master 端添加属于proxysql的只读账号
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
(root@localhost:mysql.sock) [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'monitor'@'192.168.118.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'monitor';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(root@localhost:mysql.sock) [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
在proxysql主机端修改变量设置健康检测的账号
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_password='monitor';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk;
Query OK, 96 rows affected (0.00 sec)
添加读写分离的路由规则
需求：
将 select 查询语句全部路由至 hostgroup_id=2 的组(也就是读组)
但是 select * from tb for update 这样的语句是会修改数据的，所以需要单独定义，将它路由至 hostgroup_id=1 的组(也就是写组)
其他没有被规则匹配到的组将会被路由至用户默认的组(mysql_users 表中的 default_hostgroup)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(2,1,'^SELECT',2,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules;
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| rule_id | active | match_digest | destination_hostgroup | apply |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| 1 | 1 | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | ^SELECT | 2 | 1 |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.00 sec)
验证读写分离
登录用户是刚才我们在 mysql_user 表中创建的用户，端口为6033
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uproxysql -ppwproxysql -h127.0.0.1 -P6033
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
([email protected]:6033) [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| xsb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
尝试修改数据库和查询
([email protected]:6033) [(none)]> create database haha;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6033) [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+----------+-----------------+
| user | host |
+----------+-----------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| proxysql | 192.168.118.222 |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | server01 |
| root | server01 |
+----------+-----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:6033) [(none)]> \q
Bye
验证读写分离是否成功
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
([email protected]:6032) [(none)]> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| hostgroup | schemaname | username | digest | digest_text | count_star | first_seen | last_seen | sum_time | min_time | max_time |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xEB4549A4A010C504 | create database haha | 1 | 1535461379 | 1535461379 | 911 | 911 | 911 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x34B4BDE2EF8B8AE3 | create database wangqing | 1 | 1535460570 | 1535460570 | 12612 | 12612 | 12612 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xBBFD963DCCF2A4F6 | show databasws | 1 | 1535460248 | 1535460248 | 10001248 | 10001248 | 10001248 |
| 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x0F02B330C823D739 | select user,host from mysql.user | 1 | 1535461390 | 1535461390 | 1421 | 1421 | 1421 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 6 | 1535460189 | 1535461347 | 30032967 | 2633 | 10001453 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xCE6BB7764BA98E04 | create database jinxinruntian | 1 | 1535460553 | 1535460553 | 15011 | 15011 | 15011 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x594F2C744B698066 | select USER() | 4 | 1535460169 | 1535461340 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B | select @@version_comment limit ? | 4 | 1535460169 | 1535461340 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从上面的 hostgroup 和 digest_text 值来看，所有的写操作都被路由至1组，读操作都被路由至2组，其中1组为写组，2组为读组