python面向对象OOP（代码实例）

封装

import datetime
class Book:
    count = 0
    #初始化执行
    def __init__(self,title,price = 0.0,publisher = '',pubdate = datetime.date.today()):#初始化器,构造函数初始化内成员用的
        self.title = title,
        self.price = price
        self.publisher = publisher
        self.pubdate = pubdate
        Book.count += 1

    #删除对象执行
    def __del__(self):
        Book.count -= 1

    def __repr__(self):
        print('<图书{}at{}>'.format(self.title,id(self)))

    def __str__(self):
        print('[图书{}at{}]'.format(self.title, id(self)))

    def print_informance(self):
        print('书名：{}'.format(self.title))
        print('价格：{}'.format(self.price))
        print('出版社：{}'.format(self.publisher))
        print('出版日期：{}'.format(self.pubdate))
    def cls_method(cls):
        print('类函数')

     def static_method:
         print('静态函数，逻辑上与实例无关，不可以通过对象调用')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    book1 = Book('Python入门', 88, '清华大学出版社', datetime.date(2020, 2, 2))  # 实例化
    book2 = Book('QDN')
    del (book1)
    print('图书总数目:{}'.format(Book.count))
    Book.cls_method(book1)
    Book.static_method()

import datetime
class Studet():
    def __init__(self,name,gender,brithdate):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.brithdate = brithdate

    #属性
    @property
    #属性之一：年龄
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.brithdate.year
    #添加设置器，设置年龄不能修改
    @age.setter
    def age(self,value):
        raise ArithmeticError('年龄禁止赋值！')
    #添加删除器，设置年龄不能删除
    @age.deleter
    def age(self):
        raise ArithmeticError('年龄禁止删除！')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student1 = Studet('mateng','男',datetime.date(1994,5,31))
    print(student1.name,student1.gender,student1.age)
    #student1.age = 18
    del (student1.age)

继承

import datetime
class Department:
    def __init__(self,name,phone,manager):
        self.name = name
        self.phone = phone
        self.manager = manager

    def __repr__(self):
        print('部门:{}'.format(self.name))

class Employee:
    def __init__(self,dapartment:Department,name,birthdate,salary):
        self.dapartment = dapartment
        self.name = name
        self.birthdate = birthdate
        self.salary = salary

    @property
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year

    def __repr__(self):
        print('员工:{}'.format(self.name))

    def give_raise(self,percent,bonus=0):
        self.salary = self.salary * (1 + percent + bonus)

    def working(self,):
        print('员工{}在工作...'.format(self.name))

class Programer(Employee):
    def __init__(self,dapartment:Department,name,birthdate,salary,speciality,project):
        super().__init__(dapartment,name,birthdate,salary)#super是一种类继承方式，但是不建议使用
        self.speciality = speciality
        self.project = project

    def working(self):
        print('员工{}正在使用{}开发{}项目'.format(self.name,self.speciality,self.project))

class HR(Employee):
    def __init__(self,dapartment:Department,name,birthdate,salary,level):
        Employee.__init__(self,dapartment,name,birthdate,salary)#明确写出基类的名称，self必须写上，推荐使用这种方法
        self.level = level

    def working(self,):
        print('HR{}正在面试应聘者'.format(self.name))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dep = Department('技术部','010-88888888','MaTeng')
    p1 = Programer(dep,'Tom',datetime.date(1994,5,31),20000,'python','强化学习')
    #print(p1.dapartment)
    print(p1.name)
    print(p1.age)
    print(p1.salary)
    p1.give_raise(2,1)
    print(p1.salary)
    p1.working()

    p2 = HR(dep,'Mary',datetime.date(1998,8,8),8000,2)
    print(p2.name)
    print(p2.age)
    print(p2.salary)
    print(p2.level)
    p2.working()