Redis安装整理(window平台和Linux平台)

window平台Redis安装 

redis windows安装文件下载地址 : http://code.google.com/p/servicestack/wiki/RedisWindowsDownload#Download_32bit_Cygwin_builds_for_Windows
我选择的redis为最新版的安装文件，见下图： 
 
  
Redis安装文件解压后，有以下几个文件。见下图  
 
redis-server.exe：服务程序 
redis-check-dump.exe：本地数据库检查 
redis-check-aof.exe：更新日志检查 
redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的ab 工具). 

在解压好redis的安装文件到E:\根目录后，还需要在redis根目录增加一个redis的配置文件redis.conf，文件具体内容附件中有，不过这里我仍然把配置文件的内容贴上来： 

 # Redis configuration file example

 # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
 # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
 daemonize no

 # When run as a daemon, Redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
 # You can specify a custom pid file location here.
 pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

 # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379
 port 6379

 # If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
 # specified all the interfaces will listen for connections.
 #
 # bind 127.0.0.1

 # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
 timeout 300

 # Set server verbosity to 'debug'
 # it can be one of:
 # debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
 # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
 # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
 loglevel debug

 # Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
 # the demon to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
 # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
 logfile stdout

 # Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
 # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT  where
 # dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
 databases 16

 ################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################
 #
 # Save the DB on disk:
 #
 #   save
 #
 #   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
 #   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
 #
 #   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
 #   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
 #   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
 #   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
 save 900 1
 save 300 10
 save 60 10000

 # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
 # For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
 # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
 # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
 rdbcompression yes

 # The filename where to dump the DB
 dbfilename dump.rdb

 # For default save/load DB in/from the working directory
 # Note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
 dir ./

 ################################# REPLICATION #################################

 # Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
 # another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
 # so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
 # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
 #
 # slaveof

 # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
 # directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
 # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
 # refuse the slave request.
 #
 # masterauth

 ################################## SECURITY ###################################

 # Require clients to issue AUTH  before processing any other
 # commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
 # others with access to the host running redis-server.
 #
 # This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
 # people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
 #
 # requirepass foobared

 ################################### LIMITS ####################################

 # Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there
 # is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
 # is able to open. The special value '0' means no limts.
 # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
 # an error 'max number of clients reached'.
 #
 # maxclients 128

 # Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
 # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
 # EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
 # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
 # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
 #
 # If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
 # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
 # to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
 #
 # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
 # 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
 # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
 # it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
 # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
 # errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
 #
 # maxmemory

 ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

 # By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live
 # with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash
 # happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot
 # about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
 # enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append
 # every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. This file will
 # be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
 #
 # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
 # like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
 # Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
 # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
 #
 # The name of the append only file is "appendonly.log"
 #
 # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
 # log file in background when it gets too big.

 appendonly no

 # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
 # instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
 # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
 #
 # Redis supports three different modes:
 #
 # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
 # always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
 # everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.
 #
 # The default is "always" that's the safer of the options. It's up to you to
 # understand if you can relax this to "everysec" that will fsync every second
 # or to "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
 # it want, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
 # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting).

 appendfsync always
 # appendfsync everysec
 # appendfsync no

 ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

 # Glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
 # single TCP packet. Uses a bit more CPU but most of the times it is a win
 # in terms of number of queries per second. Use 'yes' if unsure.
 glueoutputbuf yes

 # Use object sharing. Can save a lot of memory if you have many common
 # string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
 # pool so it uses more CPU and can be a bit slower. Usually it's a good
 # idea.
 #
 # When object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
 # shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
 # object sharing. A bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
 # In general you want this value to be at least the double of the number of
 # very common strings you have in your dataset.
 #
 # WARNING: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this feature
 # in production before of Redis 1.0-stable. Still please try this feature in
 # your development environment so that we can test it better.
 # shareobjects no
 # shareobjectspoolsize 1024

将附件中的redis_conf.rar解压下来放到redis的根目录中即可。到此，redis的安装已经完毕。下面开始使用redis数据库。 

启动redis：  
输入命令：redis-server.exe redis.conf 
启动后如下图所示： 
 

启动cmd窗口要一直开着，关闭后则Redis服务关闭。  
这时服务开启着，另外开一个窗口进行，设置客户端： 
输入命令：redis-cli.exe -h 202.117.16.133 -p 6379 
输入后如下图所示： 
 
然后可以开始玩了： 

设置一个Key并获取返回的值: 

 $ ./redis-cli set mykey somevalue
 OK
 $ ./redis-cli get mykey
 Somevalue

如何添加值到list:   

 $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist firstvalue
 OK
 $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist secondvalue
 OK
 $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist thirdvalue
 OK
 $ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1
 . thirdvalue
 . secondvalue
 . firstvalue
 $ ./redis-cli rpop mylist
 firstvalue
 $ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1
 . thirdvalue
 . secondvalue

redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的 ab 工具). 

 ./redis-benchmark -n 100000 –c 50
     ====== SET ======
     100007 requests completed in 0.88 seconds （译者注：100004 查询完成于 1.14 秒 ）
 50 parallel clients （译者注：50个并发客户端）
 3 bytes payload （译者注：3字节有效载荷)
 keep alive: 1 （译者注：保持1个连接)
 58.50% <= 0 milliseconds（译者注：毫秒）
 99.17% <= 1 milliseconds
 99.58% <= 2 milliseconds
 99.85% <= 3 milliseconds
 99.90% <= 6 milliseconds
 100.00% <= 9 milliseconds
 114293.71 requests per second（译者注：每秒 114293.71 次查询）

Windows下测试并发客户端极限为60 

======================================================================== 

linux平台Redis安装：  

 wget http://code.google.com/p/redis/downloads/detail?name=redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
 tar xvzf redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
 cd  redis-2.0.4
 make
 mkdir /home/redis
 cp redis-server  /home/redis
 cp redis-benchmark  /home/redis
 cp redis-cli  /home/redis
 cp redis.conf  /home/redis
 cd  /home/redis

在安装过程中可能需要用到sudo命令，可能新装的redhat虚拟机中新用户还不能使用sudo命令，因此需要手动的修改/etc/sudoers文件，命令如下： 

 cd /etc
 su root ##切换为root用户，同时输入密码
 chmod u+w sudoers ##放开sudoers文件的写权限
 ##在root ALL = (ALL) ALL下面一行增加 "你的用户名" ALL = (ALL) ALL
 :wq ##保存退出
 chmod u-w sudoers ##取消修改权限

启动 
./redis-server redis.conf 
进入命令交互模式，两种： 
1:   ./redis-cli 
2:   telnet 127.0.0.1 6379       (ip接端口) 

============================================================= 
配置文件参数说明: 

1. Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程 
     daemonize no  
2. 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定 
     pidfile /var/run/redis.pid  
3. 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码，而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字 
     port 6379  
4. 绑定的主机地址 
     bind 127.0.0.1  
5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能 
     timeout 300  
6. 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose 
     loglevel verbose  
7. 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null 
     logfile stdout  
8. 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT 命令在连接上指定数据库id 
     databases 16  
9. 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合 
    save  
    Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件： 
     save 900 1 
    save 300 10 
    save 60 10000  
    分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。 

10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大 
     rdbcompression yes  
11. 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb 
     dbfilename dump.rdb  
12. 指定本地数据库存放目录 
     dir ./  
13. 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步 
     slaveof  
14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码 
     masterauth  
15. 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH 命令提供密码，默认关闭 
     requirepass foobared  
16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息 
     maxclients 128  
17. 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区 
     maxmemory  
18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no 
     appendonly no  
19. 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof 
      appendfilename appendonly.aof  
20. 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值： 
     no ：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快） 
     always ：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全） 
     everysec ：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值） 
     appendfsync everysec  

21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制） 
      vm-enabled no  
22. 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享 
      vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap  
23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0 
      vm-max-memory 0  
24. Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值 
      vm-page-size 32  
25. 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。 
      vm-pages 134217728  
26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4 
      vm-max-threads 4  
27. 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启 
     glueoutputbuf yes  
28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法 
     hash-max-zipmap-entries 64 
    hash-max-zipmap-value 512  
29. 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍） 
     activerehashing yes  
30. 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件 
     include /path/to/local.conf