oracle常用语句及操作总结

查看归档日志是否打开
archive log  list;

查看默认表空间
select default_tablespace from user_users;

修改默认永久表空间
alter database default tablespace tablespaceName

修改零时默认表空间
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespaceName

查看所有表空间名称
select tablespace_name  from user_tablespaces；

查看数据库实例名
select  instance_name  from  v$instance;

查看数据库服务名
select  name from  v$database;

查询正在执行的oracle语句
select a.username, a.sid,b.SQL_TEXT, b.SQL_FULLTEXT from v$session a, v$sqlarea b where a.sql_address = b.address;

增加用户表空间文件
alter   tablespace  users  add  datafile  '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users04.dbf'  size  10240m   autoextend  on  next  500m   maxsize     unlimited; unlimited最大支持32G

查询表空间数据文件使用情况  https://blog.csdn.net/michaelzhou224/article/details/20688365
select
b.file_id,
b.tablespace_name,
b.bytes/1024/1024||'M',
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))/1024/1024||'M',
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/1024/1024||'M',
100 - sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100
from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
where a.file_id=b.file_id
group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
order by b.file_id;

 
列出使用频率最高的5个查询：
select sql_text,executions
from (select sql_text,executions,
   rank() over
    (order by executions desc) exec_rank
   from v$sql)
where exec_rank <=5;

 消耗磁盘读取最多的sql top5：
select disk_reads,sql_text
from (select sql_text,disk_reads,
   dense_rank() over
     (order by disk_reads desc) disk_reads_rank
   from v$sql)
where disk_reads_rank <=5;

 找出需要大量缓冲读取（逻辑读）操作的查询：
select buffer_gets,sql_text
from (select sql_text,buffer_gets,
   dense_rank() over
     (order by buffer_gets desc) buffer_gets_rank
   from v$sql)
where buffer_gets_rank<=5;

查询cpu使用率最高的10条语句

select * from (select sql_text,sql_id,cpu_time from v$sql order by cpu_time desc) where rownum<=10 order by       rownum asc ;

select * from (select sql_text,sql_id,cpu_time from v$sqlarea order by cpu_time desc) where rownum<=10 order by rownum asc ;

占用cpu及时间最长的语句

SELECT

A.USERNAME, A.COMMAND, A.STATUS,

A.PROGRAM, A.MACHINE, A.CLIENT_IDENTIFIER,

B.SQL_TEXT,

B.CPU_TIME,

B.SHARABLE_MEM,

ROUND((B.DISK_READS + B.BUFFER_GETS)/B.EXECUTIONS)

AS RESOURCE_COST

FROM

V$SESSION A,

V$SQLSTATS B

WHERE

A.SQL_ID = B.SQL_ID

AND B.EXECUTIONS >0

AND A.WAIT_CLASS <> 'Idle'

ORDER BY

RESOURCE_COST DESC;

 

归档日志的清理

su - oracle
 

rman target /

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete expired archivelog all;

DELETE FORCE ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-7';(指定删除7天前的归档日志)

备份数据库
 rman target/
backup databaseplus archivelog delete input format '/DBBackup/Phycal/full_%U.bak';

 

还原小贷数据库：
tar -xjvf creditfull_20171214.tar.bz2 -C ./     ----解压文件
impdp credit/123456 directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=creditfull_20171026.dmp schemas=credit table_exists_action=replace

还原数据库
impdp test/test directory=dmp dumpfile=creditfull_20180810.dmp logfile=export_201808102201.log schemas=credit transform=segment_attributes:n table_exists_action=replace SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES=Y

 

查看oracle逻辑目录
select  * from  dba_directories;

创建逻辑目录
create  directory  dmp  as  '/oracle/dmp'

 

数据泵备份脚本
#!/bin/bash
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
time=`date "+%Y%m%d"`
expdp test/test schemas=test dumpfile=creditfull_$time.dmp directory=dmp
echo $time
#mv /oralog/dmp/creditfull.dmp /oralog/dmp/creditfull_$time.dmp
mv /oralog/dmp/export.log /oralog/dmp/export_$time.log
tar cjvf /oralog/dmp/creditfull_$time.tar.bz2 /oralog/dmp/creditfull_$time.dmp
rm  /oralog/dmp/creditfull_$time.dmp -rf
find /oralog/dmp/ -mtime +5 -exec rm -f {} \;