与Android手机交互：fastboot 协议 和 adb 协议

如何与Android手机进行交互？最普遍通用的两大协议是fastboot和adb。

1 fastboot与bootloader

fastboot是与Android设备的bootloader进行交互时使用的协议，bootloader对于android手机的地位，相当于BIOS对于PC的地位。bootloader先于android系统启动。不同手机进入bootloader界面的方式不一样，这与PC世界里进入BIOS需要的按键不同类似。以华为荣耀H60-l02为例，开机时同时按住 音量加+电源 10秒，即可进入bootloader。

如何与bootloader通过USB线进行交互就是fastboot协议规定的了。只要手机端的bootloader和PC端的工具软件都实现了fastboot协议，那么就可以进行交互。常用的PC端软件就是fastboot.exe，而手机端的bootloader则是由生产厂商各自完成。

 

目前，绝大多数的Android手机的bootloader都支持fastboot协议。

 

2 ADB (Android Debug Bridge)

ADB是Android系统的调试协议，所有Android系统都支持它。

 

 

 

FastBoot  Version  0.4
----------------------

The fastboot protocol is a mechanism for communicating with bootloaders
over USB.  It is designed to be very straightforward to implement, to
allow it to be used across a wide range of devices and from hosts running
Linux, Windows, or OSX.


Basic Requirements
------------------

* Two bulk endpoints (in, out) are required
* Max packet size must be 64 bytes for full-speed and 512 bytes for 
  high-speed USB
* The protocol is entirely host-driven and synchronous (unlike the
  multi-channel, bi-directional, asynchronous ADB protocol)


Transport and Framing
---------------------

1. Host sends a command, which is an ascii string in a single
   packet no greater than 64 bytes.

2. Client response with a single packet no greater than 64 bytes.
   The first four bytes of the response are "OKAY", "FAIL", "DATA", 
   or "INFO".  Additional bytes may contain an (ascii) informative
   message.

   a. INFO -> the remaining 60 bytes are an informative message
      (providing progress or diagnostic messages).  They should 
      be displayed and then step #2 repeats

   b. FAIL -> the requested command failed.  The remaining 60 bytes 
      of the response (if present) provide a textual failure message 
      to present to the user.  Stop.

   c. OKAY -> the requested command completed successfully.  Go to #5

   d. DATA -> the requested command is ready for the data phase.
      A DATA response packet will be 12 bytes long, in the form of
      DATA00000000 where the 8 digit hexidecimal number represents
      the total data size to transfer.

3. Data phase.  Depending on the command, the host or client will 
   send the indicated amount of data.  Short packets are always 
   acceptable and zero-length packets are ignored.  This phase continues
   until the client has sent or received the number of bytes indicated
   in the "DATA" response above.

4. Client responds with a single packet no greater than 64 bytes.  
   The first four bytes of the response are "OKAY", "FAIL", or "INFO".  
   Similar to #2:

   a. INFO -> display the remaining 60 bytes and return to #4
   
   b. FAIL -> display the remaining 60 bytes (if present) as a failure
      reason and consider the command failed.  Stop.

   c. OKAY -> success.  Go to #5

5. Success.  Stop.


Example Session
---------------

Host:    "getvar:version"        request version variable

Client:  "OKAY0.4"               return version "0.4"

Host:    "getvar:nonexistant"    request some undefined variable

Client:  "OKAY"                  return value ""

Host:    "download:00001234"     request to send 0x1234 bytes of data

Client:  "DATA00001234"          ready to accept data

Host:    < 0x1234 bytes >        send data

Client:  "OKAY"                  success

Host:    "flash:bootloader"      request to flash the data to the bootloader

Client:  "INFOerasing flash"     indicate status / progress
         "INFOwriting flash"
         "OKAY"                  indicate success

Host:    "powerdown"             send a command

Client:  "FAILunknown command"   indicate failure


Command Reference
-----------------

* Command parameters are indicated by printf-style escape sequences.

* Commands are ascii strings and sent without the quotes (which are
  for illustration only here) and without a trailing 0 byte.

* Commands that begin with a lowercase letter are reserved for this
  specification.  OEM-specific commands should not begin with a 
  lowercase letter, to prevent incompatibilities with future specs.

 "getvar:%s"           Read a config/version variable from the bootloader.
                       The variable contents will be returned after the
                       OKAY response.

 "download:%08x"       Write data to memory which will be later used
                       by "boot", "ramdisk", "flash", etc.  The client
                       will reply with "DATA%08x" if it has enough 
                       space in RAM or "FAIL" if not.  The size of
                       the download is remembered.

  "verify:%08x"        Send a digital signature to verify the downloaded
                       data.  Required if the bootloader is "secure"
                       otherwise "flash" and "boot" will be ignored.

  "flash:%s"           Write the previously downloaded image to the
                       named partition (if possible).

  "erase:%s"           Erase the indicated partition (clear to 0xFFs)

  "boot"               The previously downloaded data is a boot.img
                       and should be booted according to the normal
                       procedure for a boot.img

  "continue"           Continue booting as normal (if possible)

  "reboot"             Reboot the device.

  "reboot-bootloader"  Reboot back into the bootloader.
                       Useful for upgrade processes that require upgrading
                       the bootloader and then upgrading other partitions
                       using the new bootloader.

  "powerdown"          Power off the device.



Client Variables
----------------

The "getvar:%s" command is used to read client variables which
represent various information about the device and the software
on it.

The various currently defined names are:

  version             Version of FastBoot protocol supported.
                      It should be "0.3" for this document.

  version-bootloader  Version string for the Bootloader.

  version-baseband    Version string of the Baseband Software

  product             Name of the product

  serialno            Product serial number

  secure              If the value is "yes", this is a secure
                      bootloader requiring a signature before
                      it will install or boot images.

Names starting with a lowercase character are reserved by this
specification.  OEM-specific names should not start with lowercase
characters.