MySQL: ERROR 1040: Too many connections

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我直接在标题写出这个错误原因，是因为我希望让读者搜索到一个“快速”的解决方法，

话不多说，我们直接来看怎么处理这个问题。

很多开发人员都会遇见”MySQL: ERROR 1040: Too many connections”的异常情况，造成这种情况的一种原因是访问量过高，MySQL服务器抗不住，这个时候就要考虑增加从服务器分散读压力；另一种原因就是MySQL配置文件中max_connections值过小。

首先，我们来查看mysql的最大连接数：

mysql> show variables like '%max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 151  |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

其次，查看服务器响应的最大连接数:

mysql> show global status like 'Max_used_connections';
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| Max_used_connections | 2   |
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在这里我们可以看到服务器响应的最大连接数为2，远远低于mysql服务器允许的最大连接数值。我们来算一下比例，2/150 ~=1.55%，这么小的比例，很明显给服务器在面对大批量的请求连接时会出现崩溃状态，失去响应。

对于mysql服务器最大连接数值的设置范围比较理想的是：服务器响应的最大连接数值占服务器上限连接数值的比例值在10%以上，如果在10%以下，说明mysql服务器最大连接上限值设置过高。

Max_used_connections / max_connections * 100% = 2/151 *100% ≈ 1%

我们来修改一下

mysql> show variables like '%max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 151  |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.19 sec) 
mysql> show global status like 'Max_used_connections';
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| Max_used_connections | 44  |
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.17 sec)

这里的最大连接数占上限连接数的30％左右。
上面我们知道怎么查看mysql服务器的最大连接数值，并且知道了如何判断该值是否合理，下面我们就来介绍一下如何设置这个最大连接数值。

方法1：

mysql> set GLOBAL max_connections=256; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 256  |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

方法2：

修改mysql配置文件my.cnf，在[mysqld]段中添加或修改max_connections值：

max_connections=128
重启mysql服务即可。

附。docker启动MySql的yml文件

version: '3'
services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    volumes:
      - /data/worker_data/db/:/var/lib/mysql
      - /data/apps/scheduler/deploy/prod/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf
      - /data/apps/scheduler/deploy/prod/sql:/data/sql
    environment:
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=scheduler_test
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root
    networks:
      - spiders_net
networks:
  spiders_net:
    external: true

下面看看cnf文件

# Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA

#
# The MySQL  Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=1000
max_user_connections=500
wait_timeout=200

# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/