python route 知识总结

route 可以从url提取相应的参数,如controller,action或者其它用户自己定义的变量


1.Mapper().connect    Mapper().match

from routes import Mapper
map = Mapper()
map.connect(None,"error/{action}/{id}",controller="controller_obj") #定义匹配规则
result = map.match('error/myapp/4')  #匹配url='error/myapp/4'
#result 匹配结果
{'action': u'myapp', 'controller': u'controller_obj', 'id': u'4'}
map.connect(None,"/message/:name",controller='my_contro')  #除 {} 外,:也可以作为匹配符号
result = map.match('/message/12')
#result 匹配结果
{'controller': u'my_contro', 'name': u'12'}


2.route.middleware以及Mapper.resource

参照cinder 2013.1版代码写的

#!/usr/bin/env/python
#coding=utf-8
from routes import Mapper
from routes import middleware
import webob.dec
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

class controller(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.i = 1
    def __call__(self):
        print self.i
    def search(self):
        return "do search()"
    def show(self):
        return "do show()"
    def index(self):
        return "do index()"
    def update(self):
        return "do update()"
    def delete(self):
        return "do delete()"
    def create(self):
        return "do create()"
    def create_many(self):
        return "do create_many()"
    def update_many(self):
        return "do update_many()"
    def list_many(self):
        return "do list_many()"
    def delete_many(self):
        return "do delete_many()"
class appclass(object):

    def __init__(self):
        a = controller()
        map = Mapper()
        """路由匹配条件1"""
        #map.connect('/images',controller=a,
        #           action='search',
        #           conditions={'method':['GET']})
        """路由匹配条件2"""
        #map.connect('name',"/{action}/{pid}",controller=a)
        """路由匹配条件3"""
        #map.resource("message","messages",controller=a,collection={'search':'GET'})
        """路由匹配条件4"""
        #map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,
                        #collection={'list_many':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
                        #member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})
        """路由匹配条件5"""
        map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,path_prefix='/{projectid}',
                    collection={'list_many':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
                    member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})
        self.route = middleware.RoutesMiddleware(self.dispatch,map)

    @webob.dec.wsgify
    def __call__(self,req):
        return self.route

    @staticmethod
    @webob.dec.wsgify
    def dispatch(req):
        match = req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]
        print "route match result is:",match
        if not match:
            return "fake url"

        controller = match['controller']
        action = match['action']
        if hasattr(controller,action):
            func = getattr(controller,action)
            ret = func()
            return ret
        else:
            return "has no action:%s" %action


if __name__=="__main__":
    app = appclass()
    server = make_server('',8088,app)
    server.serve_forever()


分析:

1)webob.dec.wsgify是webob为WSGI应用程序提供的一个装饰器,作用是将一个函数转换成一个WSGI应用。
参考资料 http://tumblr.wachang.net/post/38149417931/python-paste-webob-3

2)routes.middleware.RoutesMiddleware,将接受到的url,自动调用map.match()方法,将url进行路由匹配并将结果存入request请求的环境变量['wsgiorg.routing_args'],最后会调用其第一个参数给出的函数接口,即self.dispatch。

参考资料   http://blog.csdn.net/networm3/article/details/8666150

3)map.connect 及map.resource均用来建立路由匹配条件

针对程序中的匹配条件1 

map.connect('/images',controller=a,action='search',conditions={'method':['GET']})

curl 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) curl请求得到的结果
curl -X GET http://localhost:8088/images {'action': u'search', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x10c2b10>} "do search()"

匹配条件指定了curl的动作为GET ,访问路径为images  对应的action 为search


匹配条件2 

map.connect('name',"/{action}/{pid}",controller=a)

curl 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) curl请求得到的结果
curl -X GET  http://localhost:8088/show/hihi {'action': u'show', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x2203b10>, 'pid': u'hihi'} "do show()"
curl -X POST  http://localhost:8088/failfunc/test {'action': u'failfunc', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x2203b10>, 'pid': u'test'} "has no action:failfunc"
匹配条件没有指定curl的动作,因此所有的动作(PUT,POST,GET,。。)都匹配,第二个curl请求,匹配的action 为failfunc,pid为test,但是程序没有定义failfunc函数,报错


匹配条件3  

map.resource("message","messages",controller=a)  ,map.resource内部定义了默认的匹配条件
第一个参数message为 member_name(资源名),第二个参数messages为collection_name(资源集合名),一般定义资源集合名为资源名的复数,我这里随便取名

collection_name作为访问的路径名,且当没有传入参数controller时,controller=collection_name


map.resource("message","messages",controller=a) 等同于以下匹配条件:

map.connect('/messages',controller=a,action='index',conditions={'method':['GET']})

map.connect('/messages',controller=a,action='create',conditions={'method':['POST']})

map.connect('/messages/{id}',controller=a,action='show',conditions={'method':['GET']})

map.connect('/messages/{id}',controller=a,action='update',conditions={'method':['PUT']})

map.connect('/messages/{id}',controller=a,action='delete',conditions={'method':['DELETE']})

前两条是针对整个资源集合的操作,后三条是针对资源集合中某个固定资源的操作


curl 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) curl请求得到的结果
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/messages {'action': u'create', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>} "do create()"
curl -X GET  http://localhost:8088/messages {'action': u'index', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>} "do index()"
curl -X GET  http://localhost:8088/messages/12 {'action': u'show', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>, 'id': u'12'} "do show()"
curl -X PUT  http://localhost:8088/messages/12 {'action': u'update', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>, 'id': u'12'} "do update()"
curl -X DELETE  http://localhost:8088/messages/12 {'action': u'delete', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>, 'id': u'12'} "do delete()"
这里匹配结果中的id为某个具体资源id,这里乱取,后三条curl针对具体资源(id为12)的操作,前两条是针对整个资源集合的操作

当url传入的id包含'.',会将'.'后的字符窜匹配为format,如输入的id 为 '12.hihi' ,匹配id='12', format='hihi'


匹配条件4

map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,
                        collection={'search':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
                        member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})

map.resource除了默认的路由条件外,还可以额外的定义‘资源集合的方法’以及‘单个资源的方法’

collection={'search':'GET','create_many':'POST'}       定义了资源集合方法 search,其curl动作为GET,create_many,其curl动作为POST

member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'}    定义了单个资源方法 update_many,其curl动作为POST,delete_many,其curl动作为POST

curl 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) curl请求得到的结果
curl -X GET  http://localhost:8088/messages/search {'action': u'search', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>} do search()
curl -X POST  http://localhost:8088/messages/create_many {'action': u'create_many', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>} do create_many()
curl -X POST  http://localhost:8088/messages/1/update_many {'action': u'update_many', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>, 'id': u'1'} do update_many()
curl -X POST  http://localhost:8088/messages/1/delete_many {'action': u'delete_many', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>, 'id': u'1'} do delete_many()

匹配条件5 

map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,path_prefix='/{projectid}',
                    collection={'list_many':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
                    member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})

map.resource初始化时还可以指定curl访问路径的前缀路径,如匹配条件3及4没有指定时,默认为collection_name(资源集合名)

指定path_prefix后,路径为path_prefix/collection_name

curl 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) curl请求得到的结果
curl -X POST  http://localhost:8088/proj1/messages {'action': u'create', 'projectid': u'proj1', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1375b10>} do create()
curl -X GET  http://localhost:8088/proj1/messages/list_many {'action': u'list_many', 'projectid': u'proj1', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1375b10>} do list_many()
curl -X POST  http://localhost:8088/proj1/messages/member_3/update_many {'action': u'update_many', 'projectid': u'proj1', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1375b10>, 'id': u'member_3'} do update_many()


在路由5的条件下,添加一条

map.resource('type', 'types',controller=other_controller,

                           parent_resource=dict(member_name='message',

                                                                    collection_name='messages'),

                           path_prefix = '{projectid}/%s/:%s_id' %('nex','nexs'))


curl -X POST  http://localhost:8088/proj1/nex/17/types

匹配nexs_id 为17,controller 为other_controller,  parent_resource的作用为形成name_prefix = 'message_',具体作用不详,有待研究


参考资料:http://routes.readthedocs.org/en/latest/restful.html


疑问:

resource中的controller对象的类定义必须要有__call__,要不然,匹配后变为type(controller)为unicode,原因不明,有待研究

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