在项目中有时候需要读取配置文件,发现python有一个ConfigParser的东西,学习下。
首先奉上官网ConfigParser
类似如下:
[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no
首先是由一个sections(如 [DEFAULT] )引起,下面接类似“name = value”形式的key-value对。其实,接 “name : value”的形式也可以。
-read(filename) 直接读取文件内容
-sections() 得到所有的section,并以列表的形式返回
-options(section) 得到该section的所有option
-items(section) 得到该section的所有键值对
-get(section,option) 得到section中option的值,返回为string类型
-getint(section,option) 得到section中option的值,返回为int类型,还有相应的getboolean()和getfloat() 函数。
-add_section(section) 添加一个新的section
-set( section, option, value) 对section中的option进行设置
需要调用write将内容写入配置文件。
Example:
# -* - coding: UTF-8 -* -
import ConfigParser
#生成config对象
conf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
#用config对象读取配置文件
conf.read("test.cfg")
#以列表形式返回所有的section
sections = conf.sections()
print 'sections:', sections #sections: ['sec_b', 'sec_a']
#得到指定section的所有option
options = conf.options("sec_a")
print 'options:', options #options: ['a_key1', 'a_key2']
#得到指定section的所有键值对
kvs = conf.items("sec_a")
print 'sec_a:', kvs #sec_a: [('a_key1', '20'), ('a_key2', '10')]
#指定section,option读取值
str_val = conf.get("sec_a", "a_key1")
int_val = conf.getint("sec_a", "a_key2")
print "value for sec_a's a_key1:", str_val #value for sec_a's a_key1: 20
print "value for sec_a's a_key2:", int_val #value for sec_a's a_key2: 10
#写配置文件
#更新指定section,option的值
conf.set("sec_b", "b_key3", "new-$r")
#写入指定section增加新option和值
conf.set("sec_b", "b_newkey", "new-value")
#增加新的section
conf.add_section('a_new_section')
conf.set('a_new_section', 'new_key', 'new_value')
#写回配置文件
conf.write(open("test.cfg", "w"))
Python的ConfigParser Module中定义了3个类对INI文件进行操作。
分别是RawConfigParser、ConfigParser、SafeConfigParser。
RawCnfigParser是最基础的INI文件读取类,ConfigParser、SafeConfigParser支持对%(value)s变量的解析。
配置文件test.cfg
[plain] view plain copy
[portal]
url = http://%(host)s:%(port)s/Portal
host = localhost
port = 8080
使用RawConfigParser:
[python] view plain copy
import ConfigParser
conf = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
print "use RawConfigParser() read"
conf.read("test.cfg")
print conf.get("portal", "url")
print "use RawConfigParser() write"
conf.set("portal", "url2", "%(host)s:%(port)s")
print conf.get("portal", "url2")
得到输出
[plain] view plain copy
use RawConfigParser() read
http://%(host)s:%(port)s/Portal
use RawConfigParser() write
%(host)s:%(port)s
改用ConfigParser
[python] view plain copy
import ConfigParser
conf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
print "use RawConfigParser() read"
conf.read("test.cfg")
print conf.get("portal", "url")
print "use RawConfigParser() write"
conf.set("portal", "url2", "%(host)s:%(port)s")
print conf.get("portal", "url2")
得到输出
[plain] view plain copy
use RawConfigParser() read
http://localhost:8080/Portal
use RawConfigParser() write
localhost:8080
改用SafeConfigParser,效果与ConfigParser相同
[python] view plain copy
import ConfigParser
conf = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser()
print "use RawConfigParser() read"
conf.read("test.cfg")
print conf.get("portal", "url")
print "use RawConfigParser() write"
conf.set("portal", "url2", "%(host)s:%(port)s")
print conf.get("portal", "url2")
config文件中可以有注释,以#或者;开始,但强烈建议从空行开始写注释,否则会可能导致一些隐性错误
[Simple Values]
key=value
spaces in keys=allowed
spaces in values=allowed as well
spaces around the delimiter = obviously
you can also use : to delimit keys from values
[All Values Are Strings]
values like this: 1000000
or this: 3.14159265359
are they treated as numbers? : no
integers, floats and booleans are held as: strings
can use the API to get converted values directly: true
[Multiline Values]
chorus: I'm a lumberjack, and I'm okay
I sleep all night and I work all day
[No Values]
key_without_value
empty string value here =
[You can use comments]
# like this
; or this
# By default only in an empty line.
# Inline comments can be harmful because they prevent users
# from using the delimiting characters as parts of values.
# That being said, this can be customized.
[Sections Can Be Indented]
can_values_be_as_well = True
does_that_mean_anything_special = False
purpose = formatting for readability
multiline_values = are
handled just fine as
long as they are indented
deeper than the first line
of a value
# Did I mention we can indent comments, too?