linux下tomcat进程的cpu占用很高

今天在工作中发现tomcat占用cpu很高,时高时低,反复出现,针对这种情况,我按照以下方法进行了排查。

1、jps --> 查看java的进程

2、top -Hp pid --> 根据jps得到的进程号(pid),查看java进程的所有线程,可以看到所有线程占用CPU的情况,-H用于显示某个进程的所有线程。

3、printf “%x\n” tid -->将第2步查到占用较高CPU的线程号tid转换为16进制,以便于jstack查看

4、jstack pid | grep xxx --> xxx为第3步tid转换为16进制后的数字,因为jstack显示的线程号是以16进制表示的

jstack的作用是显示正在运行的所有java线程情况,jstack pid | grep xxx的意思只显示某个java线程的运行信息。通过这种方法,可以将此线程正在运行的方法显示出来,然后排查此方法的代码。

"http-nio-8902-exec-5" #41 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007fb190006800 nid=0x7c38 waiting for monitor entry [0x00007fb15d42a000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
	at java.util.zip.Deflater.finished(Deflater.java:343)
	- waiting to lock <0x00000000ffc261e0> (a java.util.zip.ZStreamRef)
	at java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream.finish(GZIPOutputStream.java:160)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.filters.GzipOutputFilter.end(GzipOutputFilter.java:132)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11OutputBuffer.finishResponse(Http11OutputBuffer.java:298)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.endRequest(Http11Processor.java:1459)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:824)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	- locked <0x00000000ffc10798> (a org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$NioSocketWrapper)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
	- <0x00000000c404e998> (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)

不过遗憾的是,经过排查发现这些代码都是tomcat的,不是我们项目的代码,
另外在tomcat日志中,发现有以下错误信息:

 INFO [http-nio-8902-exec-20] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service Error parsing HTTP request header
 Note: further occurrences of HTTP header parsing errors will be logged at DEBUG level.
 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unexpected state: headers already parsed. Buffer not recycled?
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer.parseHeaders(Http11InputBuffer.java:587)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:684)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
org.apache.shiro.UnavailableSecurityManagerException: No SecurityManager accessible to the calling code, either bound to the org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext or as a vm static singleton.  This is an invalid application configuration.
	at org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils.getSecurityManager(SecurityUtils.java:123) ~[shiro-all-1.2.3.jar:1.2.3]
	at org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject$Builder.(Subject.java:627) ~[shiro-all-1.2.3.jar:1.2.3]
	at org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils.getSubject(SecurityUtils.java:56) ~[shiro-all-1.2.3.jar:1.2.3]
	at com.dddd.util.Jurisdiction.getSession(Jurisdiction.java:159) ~[classes/:?]
	at com.dddd.interceptor.LoginHandlerInterceptor.preHandle(LoginHandlerInterceptor.java:28) ~[classes/:?]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain.applyPreHandle(HandlerExecutionChain.java:134) ~[spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:958) [spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897) [spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970) [spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:861) [spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) [servlet-api.jar:?]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846) [spring-webmvc-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) [servlet-api.jar:?]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:230) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:108) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteIpValve.invoke(RemoteIpValve.java:677) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349) [catalina.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784) [tomcat-coyote.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) [tomcat-coyote.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802) [tomcat-coyote.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410) [tomcat-coyote.jar:8.5.6]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-coyote.jar:8.5.6]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) [?:1.8.0_121]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) [?:1.8.0_121]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-util.jar:8.5.6]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) [?:1.8.0_121]

经过权衡,最后只好将tomcat进程重启,重启后,cpu占用恢复正常。

摘自其他文章的内容:
热锁,也往往是导致系统性能瓶颈的主要因素。其表现特征为:由于多个线程对临界区,或者锁的竞争,可能出现:

  • 频繁的线程的上下文切换:从操作系统对线程的调度来看,当线程在等待资源而阻塞的时候,操作系统会将之切换出来,放到等待的队列,当线程获得资源之后,调度算法会将这个线程切换进去,放到执行队列中。

  • 大量的系统调用:因为线程的上下文切换,以及热锁的竞争,或者临界区的频繁的进出,都可能导致大量的系统调用。

  • 大部分CPU开销用在“系统态 ”:线程上下文切换,和系统调用,都会导致 CPU在 “系统态 ”运行,换而言之,虽然系统很忙碌,但是 CPU用在 “用户态 ”的比例较小,应用程序得不到充分的 CPU资源。

  • 随着 CPU数目的增多,系统的性能反而下降。因为CPU数目多,同时运行的线程就越多,可能就会造成更频繁的线程上下文切换和系统态的CPU开销,从而导致更糟糕的性能。
    上面的描述,都是一个 scalability(可扩展性)很差的系统的表现。从整体的性能指标看,由于线程热锁的存在,程序的响应时间会变长,吞吐量会降低。

    那么,怎么去了解 “热锁 ”出现在什么地方呢?一个重要的方法还是结合操作系统的各种工具观察系统资源使用状况,以及收集Java线程的DUMP信息,看线程都阻塞在什么方法上,了解原因,才能找到对应的解决方法。

    我们曾经遇到过这样的例子,程序运行时,出现了以上指出的各种现象,通过观察操作系统的资源使用统计信息,以及线程 DUMP信息,确定了程序中热锁的存在,并发现大多数的线程状态都是 Waitingfor monitor entry或者 Wait on monitor,且是阻塞在压缩和解压缩的方法上。后来采用第三方的压缩包 javalib替代 JDK自带的压缩包后,系统的性能提高了几倍。

这篇博客不错
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31854907/article/details/86012106

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