添加缓存。
/**
* @Cacheable
* 将方法的运行结果进行缓存;以后再要相同的数据,直接从缓存中获取,不用调用方法;
* CacheManager管理多个Cache组件,对缓存的真正CRUD操作在Cache组件中,每一个缓存组件有自己唯一一个名字;
*
*
* 原理:
* 1、自动配置类;CacheAutoConfiguration
* 2、缓存的配置类
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GenericCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.JCacheCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.EhCacheCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.HazelcastCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.InfinispanCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CouchbaseCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CaffeineCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GuavaCacheConfiguration
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.SimpleCacheConfiguration【默认】
* org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.NoOpCacheConfiguration
* 3、哪个配置类默认生效:SimpleCacheConfiguration;
*
* 4、给容器中注册了一个CacheManager:ConcurrentMapCacheManager
* 5、可以获取和创建ConcurrentMapCache类型的缓存组件;他的作用将数据保存在ConcurrentMap中;
*
* 运行流程:
* @Cacheable:
* 1、方法运行之前,先去查询Cache(缓存组件),按照cacheNames指定的名字获取;
* (CacheManager先获取相应的缓存),第一次获取缓存如果没有Cache组件会自动创建。
* 2、去Cache中查找缓存的内容,使用一个key,默认就是方法的参数;
* key是按照某种策略生成的;默认是使用keyGenerator生成的,默认使用SimpleKeyGenerator生成key;
* SimpleKeyGenerator生成key的默认策略;
* 如果没有参数;key=new SimpleKey();
* 如果有一个参数:key=参数的值
* 如果有多个参数:key=new SimpleKey(params);
* 3、没有查到缓存就调用目标方法;
* 4、将目标方法返回的结果,放进缓存中
*
* @Cacheable标注的方法执行之前先来检查缓存中有没有这个数据,默认按照参数的值作为key去查询缓存,
* 如果没有就运行方法并将结果放入缓存;以后再来调用就可以直接使用缓存中的数据;
*
* 核心:
* 1)、使用CacheManager【ConcurrentMapCacheManager】按照名字得到Cache【ConcurrentMapCache】组件
* 2)、key使用keyGenerator生成的,默认是SimpleKeyGenerator
*
*
* 几个属性:
* cacheNames/value:指定缓存组件的名字;将方法的返回结果放在哪个缓存中,是数组的方式,可以指定多个缓存;
*
* key:缓存数据使用的key;可以用它来指定。默认是使用方法参数的值 1-方法的返回值
* 编写SpEL; #i d;参数id的值 #a0 #p0 #root.args[0]
* getEmp[2]
*
* keyGenerator:key的生成器;可以自己指定key的生成器的组件id
* key/keyGenerator:二选一使用;
*
*
* cacheManager:指定缓存管理器;或者cacheResolver指定获取解析器
*
* condition:指定符合条件的情况下才缓存;
* ,condition = "#id>0"
* condition = "#a0>1":第一个参数的值》1的时候才进行缓存
*
* unless:否定缓存;当unless指定的条件为true,方法的返回值就不会被缓存;可以获取到结果进行判断
* unless = "#result == null"
* unless = "#a0==2":如果第一个参数的值是2,结果不缓存;
* sync:是否使用异步模式
*
*/
清除缓存。
cacheNames/value: | 指定缓存组件的名字;将方法的返回结果放在哪个缓存中,是数组的方式,可以指定多个缓存; |
key | 缓存数据使用的key |
allEntries | 是否清除这个缓存中所有的数据。true:是;false:不是 |
beforeInvocation | 缓存的清除是否在方法之前执行,默认代表缓存清除操作是在方法执行之后执行;如果出现异常缓存就不会清除。true:是;false:不是 |
现实应用中,某些缓存都有相同的前缀或者后缀,数据库更新时,需要删除某一类型(也就是相同前缀)的缓存。
而@CacheEvict只能单个删除key,不支持模糊匹配删除。
解决办法:使用redis + @CacheEvict解决。
@CacheEvict实际上是调用RedisCache的evict方法删除缓存的。下面为RedisCache的部分代码,可以看到,evict方法是不支持模糊匹配的,而clear方法是支持模糊匹配的。
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.cache.Cache#evict(java.lang.Object)
*/
@Override
public void evict(Object key) {
cacheWriter.remove(name, createAndConvertCacheKey(key));
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.cache.Cache#clear()
*/
@Override
public void clear() {
byte[] pattern = conversionService.convert(createCacheKey("*"), byte[].class);
cacheWriter.clean(name, pattern);
}
所以,只需重写RedisCache的evict方法就可以解决模糊匹配删除的问题。
4.1 自定义RedisCache:
public class CustomizedRedisCache extends RedisCache {
private static final String WILD_CARD = "*";
private final String name;
private final RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter;
private final ConversionService conversionService;
protected CustomizedRedisCache(String name, RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter, RedisCacheConfiguration cacheConfig) {
super(name, cacheWriter, cacheConfig);
this.name = name;
this.cacheWriter = cacheWriter;
this.conversionService = cacheConfig.getConversionService();
}
@Override
public void evict(Object key) {
if (key instanceof String) {
String keyString = key.toString();
if (keyString.endsWith(WILD_CARD)) {
evictLikeSuffix(keyString);
return;
}
if (keyString.startsWith(WILD_CARD)) {
evictLikePrefix(keyString);
return;
}
}
super.evict(key);
}
/**
* 前缀匹配
*
* @param key
*/
public void evictLikePrefix(String key) {
byte[] pattern = this.conversionService.convert(this.createCacheKey(key), byte[].class);
this.cacheWriter.clean(this.name, pattern);
}
/**
* 后缀匹配
*
* @param key
*/
public void evictLikeSuffix(String key) {
byte[] pattern = this.conversionService.convert(this.createCacheKey(key), byte[].class);
this.cacheWriter.clean(this.name, pattern);
}
}
4.2 重写RedisCacheManager,使用自定义的RedisCache:
public class CustomizedRedisCacheManager extends RedisCacheManager {
private final RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter;
private final RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfig;
private final Map initialCaches = new LinkedHashMap<>();
private boolean enableTransactions;
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter, RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfiguration) {
super(cacheWriter, defaultCacheConfiguration);
this.cacheWriter = cacheWriter;
this.defaultCacheConfig = defaultCacheConfiguration;
}
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter, RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfiguration, String... initialCacheNames) {
super(cacheWriter, defaultCacheConfiguration, initialCacheNames);
this.cacheWriter = cacheWriter;
this.defaultCacheConfig = defaultCacheConfiguration;
}
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter, RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfiguration, boolean allowInFlightCacheCreation, String... initialCacheNames) {
super(cacheWriter, defaultCacheConfiguration, allowInFlightCacheCreation, initialCacheNames);
this.cacheWriter = cacheWriter;
this.defaultCacheConfig = defaultCacheConfiguration;
}
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter, RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfiguration, Map initialCacheConfigurations) {
super(cacheWriter, defaultCacheConfiguration, initialCacheConfigurations);
this.cacheWriter = cacheWriter;
this.defaultCacheConfig = defaultCacheConfiguration;
}
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter, RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfiguration, Map initialCacheConfigurations, boolean allowInFlightCacheCreation) {
super(cacheWriter, defaultCacheConfiguration, initialCacheConfigurations, allowInFlightCacheCreation);
this.cacheWriter = cacheWriter;
this.defaultCacheConfig = defaultCacheConfiguration;
}
/**
* 这个构造方法最重要
**/
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory, RedisCacheConfiguration cacheConfiguration) {
this(RedisCacheWriter.nonLockingRedisCacheWriter(redisConnectionFactory),cacheConfiguration);
}
/**
* 覆盖父类创建RedisCache
*/
@Override
protected RedisCache createRedisCache(String name, @Nullable RedisCacheConfiguration cacheConfig) {
return new CustomizedRedisCache(name, cacheWriter, cacheConfig != null ? cacheConfig : defaultCacheConfig);
}
@Override
public Map getCacheConfigurations() {
Map configurationMap = new HashMap<>(getCacheNames().size());
getCacheNames().forEach(it -> {
RedisCache cache = CustomizedRedisCache.class.cast(lookupCache(it));
configurationMap.put(it, cache != null ? cache.getCacheConfiguration() : null);
});
return Collections.unmodifiableMap(configurationMap);
}
}
4.3 在RedisTemplateConfig中使用自定义的CacheManager
@Bean
public CacheManager oneDayCacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
RedisSerializer redisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
//解决查询缓存转换异常的问题
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
// 配置序列化(解决乱码的问题)
RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
// 1天缓存过期
.entryTtl(Duration.ofDays(1))
.serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(redisSerializer))
.serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer))
.computePrefixWith(name -> name + ":")
.disableCachingNullValues();
return new CustomizedRedisCacheManager(factory, config);
}
4.4 在代码方法上使用@CacheEvict模糊匹配删除
@Cacheable(value = "current_group", cacheManager = "oneDayCacheManager",
key = "#currentAttendanceGroup.getId() + ':' + args[1]", unless = "#result eq null")
public String getCacheAttendanceId(CurrentAttendanceGroupDO currentAttendanceGroup, String dateStr) {
// 方法体
}
@CacheEvict(value = "current_group", key = "#currentAttendanceGroup.getId() + ':' + '*'", beforeInvocation = true)
public void deleteCacheAttendanceId(CurrentAttendanceGroupDO currentAttendanceGroup) {
}
注意:如果RedisTemplateConfig中有多个CacheManager,可以使用@Primary注解标注默认生效的CacheManager