ORA-01034: ORACLE not available & ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist

昨天有个朋友的数据库出现这2个错误。具体可看http://www.itpub.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1769915&page=1&extra=#pid21133799

数据库：Oracle11g for Linux

1。查看日志可看到

Thu Mar 07 09:14:31 2013
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
07-MAR-2013 09:14:31 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE
=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0

 根据以往前辈的意见，在listener.ora中增加以下内容，然后重启监听。

SUBSCRIBE_FOR_NODE_DOWN_EVENT_LISTENER=OFF

 

2。关于2个ORA错误

   重启监听之后，在数据库主机上采用主机验证方式可以登录，说明登录数据库没问题，问题还是在监听上。再次查看local_listener， 其值为空。

  处理过程：

[oracle@localhost dbhome_1]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@localhost dbhome_1]$ cd network/admin
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls -la
total 40
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 8 08:58 .
drwxr-xr-x. 11 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 30 12:31 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 739 Mar 8 08:58 listener.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 12288 Mar 8 08:54 .listener.ora.swp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 30 12:24 samples
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 187 May 7 2007 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 222 Dec 31 18:08 sqlnet.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 331 Mar 3 16:00 tnsnames.ora
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.0.188)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 08-MAR-2013 09:25:28

Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.0.188)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)
[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 08-MAR-2013 09:25:32

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.188)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 08-MAR-2013 09:05:43
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 51 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.188)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> exit
[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Mar 8 09:25:49 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect sys@orcl as sysdba
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL> connect hwdosconplid/pokiujuwdxawsz@orcl
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

SQL> exit
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.188)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
SUBSCRIBE_FOR_NODE_DOWN_EVENT_LISTENER=OFF

 

同时看到监听日志中有如下记录：

***********************************************************************
Fatal NI connect error 12541, connecting to:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=orcl)(CID=(PROGRAM=emagent)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))))

VERSION INFORMATION:
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Time: 07-MAR-2013 18:01:20
Tracing not turned on.
Tns error struct:
ns main err code: 12541
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
ns secondary err code: 12560
nt main err code: 511
TNS-00511: No listener
nt secondary err code: 111

 

 

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

ADR_BASE = /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@localhost admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd  $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls -l
total 28
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 8 09:05 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1202 Mar 7 15:35 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Dec 30 12:51 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Dec 30 13:58 orapworcl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Mar 7 18:03 spfileorcl_back.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 Mar 7 18:06 spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Mar 8 09:41:42 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> show parameter local;

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string
log_archive_local_first boolean TRUE
parallel_force_local boolean FALSE

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls -l
total 28
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 8 09:05 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1202 Mar 7 15:35 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Dec 30 12:51 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Dec 30 13:58 orapworcl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Mar 7 18:03 spfileorcl_back.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 Mar 7 18:06 spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ su
Password:
[root@localhost dbs]# chmod 777 spfileorcl.ora
[root@localhost dbs]# ls -l
total 28
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 8 09:05 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1202 Mar 7 15:35 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Dec 30 12:51 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Dec 30 13:58 orapworcl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Mar 7 18:03 spfileorcl_back.ora
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2560 Mar 7 18:06 spfileorcl.ora
[root@localhost dbs]# exit
exit
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Mar 8 09:49:38 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system set local_listener = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.188)(PORT=1521)(SID=orcl))' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytes
Fixed Size 2213936 bytes
Variable Size 3892316112 bytes
Database Buffers 2751463424 bytes
Redo Buffers 34922496 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> connect hwdosconplid/pokiujuwdxawsz@orcl
Connected.
SQL> OK
SP2-0042: unknown command "OK" - rest of line ignored.
SQL>

 

如果local_listener缺失，将导致自动实例注册失败，数据库实例不会识别Listener；当Listener连接数据库实例的时候，由于Listener没有注册，导致了这两个错误