YII Framework学习教程-YII的Model-实现原理-2011-11-22

    今天的最后一节了，来讲讲神圣的Model在YII中是如何实现的。以及和Controller怎么无缝的结合在一起的。

    文章《YII Framework学习教程-YII架构设计官方图解-2011-11-11》给除了我们yii框架的整个结构和应用的流程。不难发现Model和Controller的关系。

     要讲原理可能要讲CModel是怎么实现的，以及在Application中如何引入的。来打开代码具体看看。

    其实可以放在学习了From和数据相关的Model之后来分析原理，可能理解的更深入，但是打开CModel细细分析了解一下，会对后期的相关知识的学习更快速，因为通过类的代码注释，我们就看到了接下来类的使用和这些功能具体的定义。我想看明白了，就不需要再讲接下来的model的使用，完全可以自己了解和掌握。

   在controller可以直接使用Model，而不用include源于框架的autoload。具体的代码。

   至于Model一些超常特性，源于他爹。这世道，有啥，不如有个好爹，尤其是在zg。

   详细打开他爹看看，自己慢慢研究吧。

   

      

/**
 * CModel class file.
 *
 * @author Qiang Xue 
 * @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
 * @copyright Copyright © 2008-2011 Yii Software LLC
 * @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
 */


/**
 * CModel is the base class providing the common features needed by data model objects.
 *
 * CModel defines the basic framework for data models that need to be validated.
 *
 * @author Qiang Xue 
 * @version $Id: CModel.php 3276 2011-06-15 14:21:12Z alexander.makarow $
 * @package system.base
 * @since 1.0
 */
abstract class CModel extends CComponent implements IteratorAggregate, ArrayAccess
{
	private $_errors=array();	// attribute name => array of errors
	private $_validators;  		// validators
	private $_scenario='';  	// scenario

	/**
	 * Returns the list of attribute names of the model.
	 * @return array list of attribute names.
	 * @since 1.0.1
	 */
	abstract public function attributeNames();

	/**
	 * Returns the validation rules for attributes.
	 *
	 * This method should be overridden to declare validation rules.
	 * Each rule is an array with the following structure:
	 * 
	 * array('attribute list', 'validator name', 'on'=>'scenario name', ...validation parameters...)
	 * 
	 * where
	 * 

	 * 
attribute list: specifies the attributes (separated by commas) to be validated;
	 * 
validator name: specifies the validator to be used. It can be the name of a model class
	 *   method, the name of a built-in validator, or a validator class (or its path alias).
	 *   A validation method must have the following signature:
	 * 
	 * // $params refers to validation parameters given in the rule
	 * function validatorName($attribute,$params)
	 * 
	 *   A built-in validator refers to one of the validators declared in {@link CValidator::builtInValidators}.
	 *   And a validator class is a class extending {@link CValidator}.
	 * 
on: this specifies the scenarios when the validation rule should be performed.
	 *   Separate different scenarios with commas. If this option is not set, the rule
	 *   will be applied in any scenario. Please see {@link scenario} for more details about this option.
	 * 
additional parameters are used to initialize the corresponding validator properties.
	 *   Please refer to individal validator class API for possible properties.
	 * 
	 *
	 * The following are some examples:
	 * 
	 * array(
	 *     array('username', 'required'),
	 *     array('username', 'length', 'min'=>3, 'max'=>12),
	 *     array('password', 'compare', 'compareAttribute'=>'password2', 'on'=>'register'),
	 *     array('password', 'authenticate', 'on'=>'login'),
	 * );
	 * 
	 *
	 * Note, in order to inherit rules defined in the parent class, a child class needs to
	 * merge the parent rules with child rules using functions like array_merge().
	 *
	 * @return array validation rules to be applied when {@link validate()} is called.
	 * @see scenario
	 */
	public function rules()
	{
		return array();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a list of behaviors that this model should behave as.
	 * The return value should be an array of behavior configurations indexed by
	 * behavior names. Each behavior configuration can be either a string specifying
	 * the behavior class or an array of the following structure:
	 * 
	 * 'behaviorName'=>array(
	 *     'class'=>'path.to.BehaviorClass',
	 *     'property1'=>'value1',
	 *     'property2'=>'value2',
	 * )
	 * 
	 *
	 * Note, the behavior classes must implement {@link IBehavior} or extend from
	 * {@link CBehavior}. Behaviors declared in this method will be attached
	 * to the model when it is instantiated.
	 *
	 * For more details about behaviors, see {@link CComponent}.
	 * @return array the behavior configurations (behavior name=>behavior configuration)
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function behaviors()
	{
		return array();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the attribute labels.
	 * Attribute labels are mainly used in error messages of validation.
	 * By default an attribute label is generated using {@link generateAttributeLabel}.
	 * This method allows you to explicitly specify attribute labels.
	 *
	 * Note, in order to inherit labels defined in the parent class, a child class needs to
	 * merge the parent labels with child labels using functions like array_merge().
	 *
	 * @return array attribute labels (name=>label)
	 * @see generateAttributeLabel
	 */
	public function attributeLabels()
	{
		return array();
	}

	/**
	 * Performs the validation.
	 *
	 * This method executes the validation rules as declared in {@link rules}.
	 * Only the rules applicable to the current {@link scenario} will be executed.
	 * A rule is considered applicable to a scenario if its 'on' option is not set
	 * or contains the scenario.
	 *
	 * Errors found during the validation can be retrieved via {@link getErrors}.
	 *
	 * @param array $attributes list of attributes that should be validated. Defaults to null,
	 * meaning any attribute listed in the applicable validation rules should be
	 * validated. If this parameter is given as a list of attributes, only
	 * the listed attributes will be validated.
	 * @param boolean $clearErrors whether to call {@link clearErrors} before performing validation
	 * @return boolean whether the validation is successful without any error.
	 * @see beforeValidate
	 * @see afterValidate
	 */
	public function validate($attributes=null, $clearErrors=true)
	{
		if($clearErrors)
			$this->clearErrors();
		if($this->beforeValidate())
		{
			foreach($this->getValidators() as $validator)
				$validator->validate($this,$attributes);
			$this->afterValidate();
			return !$this->hasErrors();
		}
		else
			return false;
	}

	/**
	 * This method is invoked after a model instance is created by new operator.
	 * The default implementation raises the {@link onAfterConstruct} event.
	 * You may override this method to do postprocessing after model creation.
	 * Make sure you call the parent implementation so that the event is raised properly.
	 */
	protected function afterConstruct()
	{
		if($this->hasEventHandler('onAfterConstruct'))
			$this->onAfterConstruct(new CEvent($this));
	}

	/**
	 * This method is invoked before validation starts.
	 * The default implementation calls {@link onBeforeValidate} to raise an event.
	 * You may override this method to do preliminary checks before validation.
	 * Make sure the parent implementation is invoked so that the event can be raised.
	 * @return boolean whether validation should be executed. Defaults to true.
	 * If false is returned, the validation will stop and the model is considered invalid.
	 */
	protected function beforeValidate()
	{
		$event=new CModelEvent($this);
		$this->onBeforeValidate($event);
		return $event->isValid;
	}

	/**
	 * This method is invoked after validation ends.
	 * The default implementation calls {@link onAfterValidate} to raise an event.
	 * You may override this method to do postprocessing after validation.
	 * Make sure the parent implementation is invoked so that the event can be raised.
	 */
	protected function afterValidate()
	{
		$this->onAfterValidate(new CEvent($this));
	}

	/**
	 * This event is raised after the model instance is created by new operator.
	 * @param CEvent $event the event parameter
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function onAfterConstruct($event)
	{
		$this->raiseEvent('onAfterConstruct',$event);
	}

	/**
	 * This event is raised before the validation is performed.
	 * @param CModelEvent $event the event parameter
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function onBeforeValidate($event)
	{
		$this->raiseEvent('onBeforeValidate',$event);
	}

	/**
	 * This event is raised after the validation is performed.
	 * @param CEvent $event the event parameter
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function onAfterValidate($event)
	{
		$this->raiseEvent('onAfterValidate',$event);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns all the validators declared in the model.
	 * This method differs from {@link getValidators} in that the latter
	 * would only return the validators applicable to the current {@link scenario}.
	 * Also, since this method return a {@link CList} object, you may
	 * manipulate it by inserting or removing validators (useful in behaviors).
	 * For example, $model->validatorList->add($newValidator).
	 * The change made to the {@link CList} object will persist and reflect
	 * in the result of the next call of {@link getValidators}.
	 * @return CList all the validators declared in the model.
	 * @since 1.1.2
	 */
	public function getValidatorList()
	{
		if($this->_validators===null)
			$this->_validators=$this->createValidators();
		return $this->_validators;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the validators applicable to the current {@link scenario}.
	 * @param string $attribute the name of the attribute whose validators should be returned.
	 * If this is null, the validators for ALL attributes in the model will be returned.
	 * @return array the validators applicable to the current {@link scenario}.
	 * @since 1.0.1
	 */
	public function getValidators($attribute=null)
	{
		if($this->_validators===null)
			$this->_validators=$this->createValidators();

		$validators=array();
		$scenario=$this->getScenario();
		foreach($this->_validators as $validator)
		{
			if($validator->applyTo($scenario))
			{
				if($attribute===null || in_array($attribute,$validator->attributes,true))
					$validators[]=$validator;
			}
		}
		return $validators;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates validator objects based on the specification in {@link rules}.
	 * This method is mainly used internally.
	 * @return CList validators built based on {@link rules()}.
	 */
	public function createValidators()
	{
		$validators=new CList;
		foreach($this->rules() as $rule)
		{
			if(isset($rule[0],$rule[1]))  // attributes, validator name
				$validators->add(CValidator::createValidator($rule[1],$this,$rule[0],array_slice($rule,2)));
			else
				throw new CException(Yii::t('yii','{class} has an invalid validation rule. The rule must specify attributes to be validated and the validator name.',
					array('{class}'=>get_class($this))));
		}
		return $validators;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a value indicating whether the attribute is required.
	 * This is determined by checking if the attribute is associated with a
	 * {@link CRequiredValidator} validation rule in the current {@link scenario}.
	 * @param string $attribute attribute name
	 * @return boolean whether the attribute is required
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function isAttributeRequired($attribute)
	{
		foreach($this->getValidators($attribute) as $validator)
		{
			if($validator instanceof CRequiredValidator)
				return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a value indicating whether the attribute is safe for massive assignments.
	 * @param string $attribute attribute name
	 * @return boolean whether the attribute is safe for massive assignments
	 * @since 1.1
	 */
	public function isAttributeSafe($attribute)
	{
		$attributes=$this->getSafeAttributeNames();
		return in_array($attribute,$attributes);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the text label for the specified attribute.
	 * @param string $attribute the attribute name
	 * @return string the attribute label
	 * @see generateAttributeLabel
	 * @see attributeLabels
	 */
	public function getAttributeLabel($attribute)
	{
		$labels=$this->attributeLabels();
		if(isset($labels[$attribute]))
			return $labels[$attribute];
		else
			return $this->generateAttributeLabel($attribute);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a value indicating whether there is any validation error.
	 * @param string $attribute attribute name. Use null to check all attributes.
	 * @return boolean whether there is any error.
	 */
	public function hasErrors($attribute=null)
	{
		if($attribute===null)
			return $this->_errors!==array();
		else
			return isset($this->_errors[$attribute]);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the errors for all attribute or a single attribute.
	 * @param string $attribute attribute name. Use null to retrieve errors for all attributes.
	 * @return array errors for all attributes or the specified attribute. Empty array is returned if no error.
	 */
	public function getErrors($attribute=null)
	{
		if($attribute===null)
			return $this->_errors;
		else
			return isset($this->_errors[$attribute]) ? $this->_errors[$attribute] : array();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the first error of the specified attribute.
	 * @param string $attribute attribute name.
	 * @return string the error message. Null is returned if no error.
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function getError($attribute)
	{
		return isset($this->_errors[$attribute]) ? reset($this->_errors[$attribute]) : null;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a new error to the specified attribute.
	 * @param string $attribute attribute name
	 * @param string $error new error message
	 */
	public function addError($attribute,$error)
	{
		$this->_errors[$attribute][]=$error;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a list of errors.
	 * @param array $errors a list of errors. The array keys must be attribute names.
	 * The array values should be error messages. If an attribute has multiple errors,
	 * these errors must be given in terms of an array.
	 * You may use the result of {@link getErrors} as the value for this parameter.
	 * @since 1.0.5
	 */
	public function addErrors($errors)
	{
		foreach($errors as $attribute=>$error)
		{
			if(is_array($error))
			{
				foreach($error as $e)
					$this->_errors[$attribute][]=$e;
			}
			else
				$this->_errors[$attribute][]=$error;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Removes errors for all attributes or a single attribute.
	 * @param string $attribute attribute name. Use null to remove errors for all attribute.
	 */
	public function clearErrors($attribute=null)
	{
		if($attribute===null)
			$this->_errors=array();
		else
			unset($this->_errors[$attribute]);
	}

	/**
	 * Generates a user friendly attribute label.
	 * This is done by replacing underscores or dashes with blanks and
	 * changing the first letter of each word to upper case.
	 * For example, 'department_name' or 'DepartmentName' becomes 'Department Name'.
	 * @param string $name the column name
	 * @return string the attribute label
	 */
	public function generateAttributeLabel($name)
	{
		return ucwords(trim(strtolower(str_replace(array('-','_','.'),' ',preg_replace('/(?value).
	 */
	public function getAttributes($names=null)
	{
		$values=array();
		foreach($this->attributeNames() as $name)
			$values[$name]=$this->$name;

		if(is_array($names))
		{
			$values2=array();
			foreach($names as $name)
				$values2[$name]=isset($values[$name]) ? $values[$name] : null;
			return $values2;
		}
		else
			return $values;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the attribute values in a massive way.
	 * @param array $values attribute values (name=>value) to be set.
	 * @param boolean $safeOnly whether the assignments should only be done to the safe attributes.
	 * A safe attribute is one that is associated with a validation rule in the current {@link scenario}.
	 * @see getSafeAttributeNames
	 * @see attributeNames
	 */
	public function setAttributes($values,$safeOnly=true)
	{
		if(!is_array($values))
			return;
		$attributes=array_flip($safeOnly ? $this->getSafeAttributeNames() : $this->attributeNames());
		foreach($values as $name=>$value)
		{
			if(isset($attributes[$name]))
				$this->$name=$value;
			else if($safeOnly)
				$this->onUnsafeAttribute($name,$value);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Unsets the attributes.
	 * @param array $names list of attributes to be set null. If this parameter is not given,
	 * all attributes as specified by {@link attributeNames} will have their values unset.
	 * @since 1.1.3
	 */
	public function unsetAttributes($names=null)
	{
		if($names===null)
			$names=$this->attributeNames();
		foreach($names as $name)
			$this->$name=null;
	}

	/**
	 * This method is invoked when an unsafe attribute is being massively assigned.
	 * The default implementation will log a warning message if YII_DEBUG is on.
	 * It does nothing otherwise.
	 * @param string $name the unsafe attribute name
	 * @param mixed $value the attribute value
	 * @since 1.1.1
	 */
	public function onUnsafeAttribute($name,$value)
	{
		if(YII_DEBUG)
			Yii::log(Yii::t('yii','Failed to set unsafe attribute "{attribute}" of "{class}".',array('{attribute}'=>$name, '{class}'=>get_class($this))),CLogger::LEVEL_WARNING);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the scenario that this model is used in.
	 *
	 * Scenario affects how validation is performed and which attributes can
	 * be massively assigned.
	 *
	 * A validation rule will be performed when calling {@link validate()}
	 * if its 'on' option is not set or contains the current scenario value.
	 *
	 * And an attribute can be massively assigned if it is associated with
	 * a validation rule for the current scenario. Note that an exception is
	 * the {@link CUnsafeValidator unsafe} validator which marks the associated
	 * attributes as unsafe and not allowed to be massively assigned.
	 *
	 * @return string the scenario that this model is in.
	 * @since 1.0.4
	 */
	public function getScenario()
	{
		return $this->_scenario;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the scenario for the model.
	 * @param string $value the scenario that this model is in.
	 * @see getScenario
	 * @since 1.0.4
	 */
	public function setScenario($value)
	{
		$this->_scenario=$value;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the attribute names that are safe to be massively assigned.
	 * A safe attribute is one that is associated with a validation rule in the current {@link scenario}.
	 * @return array safe attribute names
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function getSafeAttributeNames()
	{
		$attributes=array();
		$unsafe=array();
		foreach($this->getValidators() as $validator)
		{
			if(!$validator->safe)
			{
				foreach($validator->attributes as $name)
					$unsafe[]=$name;
			}
			else
			{
				foreach($validator->attributes as $name)
					$attributes[$name]=true;
			}
		}

		foreach($unsafe as $name)
			unset($attributes[$name]);
		return array_keys($attributes);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns an iterator for traversing the attributes in the model.
	 * This method is required by the interface IteratorAggregate.
	 * @return CMapIterator an iterator for traversing the items in the list.
	 */
	public function getIterator()
	{
		$attributes=$this->getAttributes();
		return new CMapIterator($attributes);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns whether there is an element at the specified offset.
	 * This method is required by the interface ArrayAccess.
	 * @param mixed $offset the offset to check on
	 * @return boolean
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function offsetExists($offset)
	{
		return property_exists($this,$offset);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the element at the specified offset.
	 * This method is required by the interface ArrayAccess.
	 * @param integer $offset the offset to retrieve element.
	 * @return mixed the element at the offset, null if no element is found at the offset
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function offsetGet($offset)
	{
		return $this->$offset;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the element at the specified offset.
	 * This method is required by the interface ArrayAccess.
	 * @param integer $offset the offset to set element
	 * @param mixed $item the element value
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function offsetSet($offset,$item)
	{
		$this->$offset=$item;
	}

	/**
	 * Unsets the element at the specified offset.
	 * This method is required by the interface ArrayAccess.
	 * @param mixed $offset the offset to unset element
	 * @since 1.0.2
	 */
	public function offsetUnset($offset)
	{
		unset($this->$offset);
	}
}