Android之MediaStore使用 (查找 音乐/视频/文档/自定义类型文件.apk .zip 等)

在日常开发中，我们经常会使用MediaStore来获取手机的音频、图片、视频等相关信息。下面3个是常见的内部类：

MediaStore.Audio 获取音频信息的类

MediaStore.Images 获取图片信息

MediaStore.Video 获取视频信息

query和sql的插叙语句差不多   里面有5个参数

getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
        mediaColumns, null, null, null);

第一个参数，uri，rui是什么呢？好吧，上面我们提到了Android提供内容的叫Provider，那么在Android中怎么区分各个Provider？有提供联系人的，有提供图片的等等。所以就需要有一个唯一的标识来标识这个Provider，Uri就是这个标识，android.provider.ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI就是提供联系人的内容提供者，可惜这个内容提供者提供的数据很少。

第二个参数，projection，真不知道为什么要用这个单词，这个参数告诉Provider要返回的内容（列Column）

第三个参数，selection，设置条件，相当于SQL语句中的where。null表示不进行筛选。

第四个参数  selectionArgs，这个参数是要配合第三个参数使用的，如果你在第三个参数里面有？，那么你在selectionArgs写的数据就会替换掉？

第五个参数，sortOrder，按照什么进行排序，相当于SQL语句中的Order by

 

我已经写好几个用来经常查询的方法 直接粘贴使用

 

    /**
     * 查找视频文件
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList getVideoList(Context context) {
        ArrayList sysVideoList = new ArrayList<>();
        // MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA:视频缩略图的文件路径
        String[] thumbColumns = {MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA,
                MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID};
        // 视频其他信息的查询条件
        String[] mediaColumns = {MediaStore.Video.Media._ID, MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE,
                MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA, MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE,
                MediaStore.Video.Media.MIME_TYPE, MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION,
                MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_TAKEN,};

        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Video.Media
                        .EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                mediaColumns, null, null, null);

        if (cursor == null) {
            return sysVideoList;
        }
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                VideoBeam info = new VideoBeam();
                int id = cursor.getInt(cursor
                        .getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media._ID));
                Cursor thumbCursor = context.getContentResolver().query(
                        MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                        thumbColumns, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID
                                + "=" + id, null, null);
                if (thumbCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    info.setThumbPath(thumbCursor.getString(thumbCursor
                            .getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA)));
                }
                info.setFilePath(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media
                        .DATA)));
                info.setMimeType(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.MIME_TYPE)));
                info.setTitle(cursor.getString(cursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Downloads.TITLE)));
                info.setDuration(cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Downloads.DURATION)));
                info.setTakeTime(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Downloads.DATE_TAKEN)));
                info.setVideoSize(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Downloads.SIZE)));
                sysVideoList.add(info);
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }

        return sysVideoList;
    }

    /**
     * 查找图片
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList getImgList(Context context) {
        ArrayList ImagesList = new ArrayList<>();
        // MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.DATA:视频缩略图的文件路径
        String[] thumbColumns = {MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.DATA,
                MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails._ID};
        // 视频其他信息的查询条件
        String[] mediaColumns = {MediaStore.Images.Media._ID,
                MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, MediaStore.Images.Media.TITLE,
                MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_TAKEN,
                MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE};
//        String[] projection = new String[]{MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns._ID, MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA, MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};


        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Images.Media
                        .EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                mediaColumns, null, null, null);

        if (cursor == null) {
            return ImagesList;
        }
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                FileImgBean info = new FileImgBean();
                int id = cursor.getInt(cursor
                        .getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID));
                Cursor thumbCursor = context.getContentResolver().query(
                        MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                        thumbColumns, MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID
                                + "=" + id, null, null);
                if (thumbCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    info.setThumbPath(thumbCursor.getString(thumbCursor
                            .getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.DATA)));
                }
                info.setFilePath(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media
                        .DATA)));
                info.setMimeType(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE)));
                info.setTitle(cursor.getString(cursor
                        .getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.TITLE)));


                info.setTakeTime(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images
                        .Media.DATE_TAKEN)));
                int columnIndexOrThrow = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images
                        .Media.SIZE);
                int anInt = cursor.getInt(columnIndexOrThrow);
                info.setImgSize(anInt + "");

                ImagesList.add(info);
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());

        }

        return ImagesList;
    }

    /**
     * 查找文件
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList getAllText(Context context) {

        ArrayList texts = new ArrayList<>();

        String[] projection = new String[]{MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.TITLE,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE
                , MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE};

        //相当于我们常用sql where 后面的写法
        String selection = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE + "= ? "
                + " or " + MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE + " = ? "
                + " or " + MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE + " = ? "
                + " or " + MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE + " = ? "
                + " or " + MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE + " = ? ";

        String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{"application/msword", "text/plain", "application/pdf", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint", "application/vnd.ms-excel"};

        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external"),
                projection,
                selection,
                selectionArgs,
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
        FileItemBean fileItem = new FileItemBean();
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {

            fileItem.setFileId(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID)));

            fileItem.setFileName(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.TITLE)));

            fileItem.setFilePath(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA)));

            fileItem.setFileSize(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE)));

            fileItem.setFileTime(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED)));

            fileItem.setFileType(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE)));

            texts.add(fileItem);

        }
        cursor.close();
        return texts;

    }

    /**
     * 查找音频
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList getAudioList(Context context) {
        ArrayList audioList = new ArrayList<>();
        // MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.DATA:视频缩略图的文件路径
        String[] thumbColumns = {MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA,
                MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID};
        // 视频其他信息的查询条件
        String[] mediaColumns = {MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID,
                MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE, MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM,
                MediaStore.Audio.Media.ARTIST, MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA,
                MediaStore.Audio.Media.DURATION, MediaStore.Audio.Media.SIZE};
        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Audio.Media
                        .EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                mediaColumns, null, null, MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);

        if (cursor == null) {
            return audioList;
        }
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                FileAudioBean info = new FileAudioBean();
                int id = cursor.getInt(cursor
                        .getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID));
                Cursor thumbCursor = context.getContentResolver().query(
                        MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                        thumbColumns, MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID
                                + "=" + id, null, null);
                if (thumbCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    info.setThumbPath(thumbCursor.getString(thumbCursor
                            .getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA)));
                }
                info.setAudioTitle(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE)));
                info.setAudioAlbum(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM)));
                info.setAudioSinger(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ARTIST)));
                info.setAudioPath(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA)));
                info.setAudioDuration(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DURATION)));
                info.setAudioSize(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.SIZE)));
                audioList.add(info);
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());

        }
        return audioList;
    }

    /**
     * 获取已经安装的应用
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList getAppList(Context context) {
        ArrayList appList = new ArrayList<>();
        List packages = context.getPackageManager().getInstalledPackages(0);
        for (int i = 0; i < packages.size(); i++) {
            PackageInfo packageInfo = packages.get(i);
            AppInfo tmpInfo = new AppInfo();
            tmpInfo.setAppName(packageInfo.applicationInfo.loadLabel(context.getPackageManager()).toString());
            tmpInfo.setPackageName(packageInfo.packageName);
            tmpInfo.setVersionName(packageInfo.versionName);
            tmpInfo.setVersionCode(packageInfo.versionCode);
            tmpInfo.setAppIcon(packageInfo.applicationInfo.loadIcon(context.getPackageManager()));
            if ((packageInfo.applicationInfo.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0) {
                appList.add(tmpInfo);//如果非系统应用，则添加至appList
            }
        }
        return appList;
    }

    /**
     * 压缩包和 zip的共用功法
     * @param context
     * @param keyword
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList searchKeyWord(Context context, String keyword) {
        ArrayList fileList = new ArrayList<>();
        ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
        Uri uri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri,
                new String[]{MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE
                ,MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED},
                MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA + " LIKE '%" + keyword + "%'",
                null, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
        if (cursor != null) {
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                FileApkBean bean = new FileApkBean();
                String path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA));
                bean.setName(path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("/") + 1));
                bean.setSize(cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(
                        MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE))+"");
                bean.setTime(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(
                        MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED)));

                fileList.add(bean);
            }
        }
        cursor.close();
        return fileList;
    }

最后还有个小技巧告诉大家，（也不知道有耐心能翻阅到这么  哈哈哈）

好了  废话不多说  一定到开启  线程 来获取这些文件 

因为获取的数据量都挺大的  为了不 出现ANR 影响用户体验 一定要开启线程 

直接使用线程池来完成整个操作

// AsyncTask线程池
    private class MyTask extends AsyncTask {
        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
           //这里来进行 获取数据 看不懂的看这个方法的名字  do in backgroung (are you ok ?)
            videoList = FindFileHelper.getVideoList(getActivity());
            zipList = FindFileHelper.searchKeyWord(getActivity(), ".zip");

            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
         //这里来刷新UI   set.text()/setadapter()/等等
        }
    }

怎么来使用这个线程池呢？(你猜下)

// 线程变量
MyTask mTask;

mTask = new MyTask();
mTask.execute();

好了以上就是完整的 MediaStore 使用 里面还有各种属性，请猿们自行琢磨，自行理解。