学习笔记:ListView的使用方法及运行效率优化方法

最常用和最难用的控件 - ListView

ListView允许用户通过手指上下滑动的方式将屏幕外的数据滚动到屏幕内,同时屏幕上原有的数据则会滚动出屏幕。

目录

一、定制ListView的界面

二、提升ListView的运行效率


一、定制ListView的界面

1、定义一个实体类作为ListView适配器的适配类型

定义Fruit类

/*
* Fruit实体类
* */
public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;

    public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getImageId() {
        return imageId;
    }

    public void setImageId(int imageId) {
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }
}

2、为ListView的子项指定一个自定义的布局




    

    

3、创建一个自定义的适配器

这个适配器继承自ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指定为Fruit类

tips: ArrayAdapter最大的优点是可以支持泛型构造,关于ArrayAdapter的介绍可以参考这篇文章:http://www.cnblogs.com/wenjiang/p/3196205.html

/*
* Fruit适配器类
* */
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {

    private int resourceId;

    public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        resourceId = resource;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = (Fruit) getItem(position);
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
        ImageView fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage);
        TextView fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

4、在Activity中创建自定义的ListView界面并设置listview的点击事件

public class FruitActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List fruitList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_fruit);
        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
        if (actionBar!=null){
            actionBar.hide();
        }
        TextView title = findViewById(R.id.title_text);
        title.setText("ListViewDemo");
        initFruit();
        FruitAdapter fruitAdapter = new FruitAdapter(this, R.layout.fruit_layout,fruitList);
        ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.listView);
        listView.setAdapter(fruitAdapter);
        //设置listview的点击事件
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(i);
                //匿名内部类中,context不能用this
                Toast.makeText(FruitActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

    }

    void initFruit(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("apple", R.drawable.apple_pic);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("banana", R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            fruitList.add(banana);
        }
    }
}
布局文件:



    

    

二、提升ListView的运行效率

性能优化点:

1、因为在FruitAdapter的getView()方法中,每次都会使用LayoutInflater动态的将布局重新加载一遍,而getView()方法在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候都会被调用,当listview快速滚动的时候,这就会成为性能瓶颈;

2、每次在getView()方法中还会调用View的findViewById方法来获取一次控件的实例。

性能优化方法:

1、getView()方法中有一个convertView参数,这个参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后可以进行重用,可以在动态加载布局之前判断一下converView是否已缓存,有缓存则直接使用缓存的数据,而不需要再次加载了;

2、可以借助一个自定义的ViewHolder类和View的setTag()、getTag() 方法,在view第一次加载的时候,将控件的实例缓存下来,后续再加载的时候判断一下是否有缓存,有缓存则直接使用缓存的数据。

代码实现如下:

/*
* Fruit适配器类
* */
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {

    private int resourceId;

    public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        resourceId = resource;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = (Fruit) getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if(convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName);
            viewHolder.fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        }else{
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder)view.getTag();
        }
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }

    class ViewHolder{
        TextView fruitName;
        ImageView fruitImage;
    }
}

tips:

1、静态成员变量

2、匿名内部类中用到的成员变量必须声明为final

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