JAVA代码编写哈夫曼编码实现数据和文件的压缩和解压算法
压缩算法思路:
1.将待压缩的字符串变成字节数组 byte[] contentBytes;
2.将字节数组每个字符出现的次数统计出来变为Node类(value为字符对应的Ascci码,weight为字符出现的次数也是哈夫曼树的权值),存入List集合中方便下面构建哈夫曼树;
List nodes = new ArrayList<>();
//遍历bytes,记录每个value出现的次数,出现的次数就是huffman树的权值
Map counts = new HashMap<>();
for (byte b : bytes) {
Integer count = counts.get(b);
if (count == null) {
counts.put(b, 1);
} else {
counts.put(b, count + 1);
}
}
for (Map.Entry map : counts.entrySet()) {
nodes.add(new Node(map.getKey(), map.getValue()));
}
return nodes;
3.构建哈弗曼树, private static Map
private static Node getHuffman(List nodes) {
while (nodes.size() > 1) {
Collections.sort(nodes);
Node leftNode = nodes.get(0);
Node rightNode = nodes.get(1);
Node parent = new Node(null, leftNode.weight + rightNode.weight);
parent.left = leftNode;
parent.right = rightNode;
nodes.remove(leftNode);
nodes.remove(rightNode);
nodes.add(parent);
}
return nodes.get(0);
}
4.遍历哈弗曼树得到字符的二进制路径,从根节点出发,往左为0,往右为1直到Node.value!=null,说明找到了对应字符
//得到所有字符的路径
private static void getAllCodes(Node root) {
if (root == null) {
return;
}
//记录路径,遍历huffman树时往左为0,往右为1直到找到对应字符;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
getcode(root.left, "0", stringBuilder);
getcode(root.right, "1", stringBuilder);
}
/*
* @param node 当前需要遍历的节点
* @param code 值为"0"或者"1"代表向左或者向右
* @param stringBuilder
* @return : void
* @date : 2020/3/8 13:20
*/
private static void getcode(Node node, String code, StringBuilder stringBuilder) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder2 = new StringBuilder(stringBuilder);
stringBuilder2.append(code);
if (node != null) {
if (node.value == null) {//证明这个点点为非叶子节点
//向左递归
getcode(node.left, "0", stringBuilder2);
//向右递归
getcode(node.right, "1", stringBuilder2);
} else {
huffmanCode.put(node.value, stringBuilder2.toString());
}
}
}
5.将按照contentBytes的顺序逐个用二进制路径代替字符形成一个Stringbuiled字符串
private static byte[] getZipArr(byte[] bytes, Map huffmanCode) {
//按照bytes中的字符排序顺序用路径替代字符存入stringBuilder
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : bytes) {
stringBuilder.append(huffmanCode.get(b));
}
//将stringBuilder每8个二进制当做一个byte类型存入字节数组
int len = 0;
//用于补齐不足8位的地方
String str = "";
//确定字节数组长度
if (stringBuilder.length() % 8 == 0) {
len = stringBuilder.length() / 8;
} else {
len = stringBuilder.length() / 8 + 1;
//不足8位的地方需要补0的个数
zeloCount = 8 - (stringBuilder.length() % 8);
for (int i = 0; i < zeloCount; i++) {
str += "0";
// System.out.println("zelo:"+str);
}
stringBuilder.append(str);
}
// System.out.println("stringBuilder1:"+stringBuilder);
//将stringbuild里面的二进制路径字符串每8位进行翻译成十进制
return stringTransfertoByteArr(stringBuilder, len);
}
6.将Stringbuiled按照每8位2进制路径转为一个十进制的数存在字节数组中;
//将stringbuild里面的二进制路径字符串每8位进行翻译成十进制
private static byte[] stringTransfertoByteArr(StringBuilder stringBuilder, int len) {
byte[] huffmanCodeArr = new byte[len];
//huffmanCodeArr的索引
int index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < stringBuilder.length(); i += 8) {
if (i + 8 > stringBuilder.length()) {//不够8位
huffmanCodeArr[index] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(stringBuilder.substring(i), 2);
} else {
huffmanCodeArr[index] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(stringBuilder.substring(i, i + 8), 2);
}
index++;
}
return huffmanCodeArr;
}
解压算法思路:
7.将存放十进制的字节数组转变为它对应的二进制路径,然后用Stringbuild汇总这些二进制就可以得到5中的Stringbuild;
//将压缩后的字节数组变为用二进制路径表示字符的字符串
private static StringBuilder byteArrtransfertoString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//将byte数组转化为二进制字符串
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
byte b = bytes[i];
boolean flag = true;
String str = byteTransfertoBinaryString(b);
if (i == bytes.length - 1) {
// System.out.println("str1:"+str);
str = str.substring(0, 8-zeloCount);
// System.out.println("str2:"+str);
}
stringBuilder.append(str);
}
//System.out.println("stringBuilder2:"+stringBuilder);
return stringBuilder;
}
//将byte转化为二进制存入String
private static String byteTransfertoBinaryString(byte b) {
int temp = b;
temp |= 256;
String str = Integer.toBinaryString(temp);
int len = str.length();
return str.substring(len - 8);
}
8.然后将huffmanCode反转变为Map
//遍历7中的Stringbuild如果map中存在Stringbuild中某一段的路径就添加到一个list中
private static List getChar(Map map, StringBuilder stringBuilder) {
List list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < stringBuilder.length(); ) {
int count = 1;
boolean flag = true;
//取出路径对应的字符
while (flag) {
if (!map.containsKey(stringBuilder.substring(i, i + count))) {
count++;
} else {
flag = false;
}
}
list.add(map.get(stringBuilder.substring(i, i + count)));
i += count;
}
return list;
}
private static byte[] decode(byte[] bytes, Map huffmanCode) {
//将压缩后的字节数组变为用二进制路径表示字符的字符串,然后将字符串中路径变成对应字符
StringBuilder stringBuilder = byteArrtransfertoString(bytes);
Map map = new HashMap();
//将huffmanCode反转,'a'->101 编程101->'a',将路径转为对应的字符
for (Map.Entry entry : huffmanCode.entrySet()) {
map.put(entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());
}
//将路径翻译成对应的字符
List list = getChar(map, stringBuilder);
//将list变为数组
byte[] contenArr = new byte[list.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
contenArr[i] = list.get(i);
}
return contenArr;
}
完整代码如下:
package com.yg.tree.huffman;/*
@author Mu_Mu
@date 2020/3/8 10:16
*/
import com.yg.tree.HuffmanTree;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class HaffmanCode {
//存放对应字符的Ascci码,和对应路径
private static Map huffmanCode = new HashMap();
//补全最后一位需要加0的个数
private static Integer zeloCount = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
//文件压缩
String src = "D:/1.png";
String dst = "D:/src.zip";
zipFile(src, dst);
System.out.println("压缩完成!");
//解压
String zipFile = "D:/src.zip";
String dstFile = "D:/2.png";
unZipFile(zipFile, dstFile);
System.out.println("解压成功!");
// String content = "i like java do you like a java very much";
// byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes();
// //数据压缩
// byte[] zipArr = huffmanZip(contentBytes);
// System.out.println(Arrays.toString(zipArr));
//
// //数据解压
// byte[] decodeArr = decode(zipArr, huffmanCode);
// System.out.println(new String(decodeArr).toString());
}
//压缩文件
private static void zipFile(String src, String dst) {
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
try {
is = new FileInputStream(src);
//创建一个和文件一样大的字节数组
byte[] b = new byte[is.available()];
//将文件以字节流的形式读到字节数组中
is.read(b);
byte[] huffmanCodeArr = huffmanZip(b);
os = new FileOutputStream(dst);
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
//将字节数组,和哈夫曼编码以对象的形式输出去
oos.writeObject(huffmanCodeArr);
oos.writeObject(huffmanCode);
//将字节数组最后一位要补0的个数传过去
oos.writeObject(zeloCount);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
is.close();
os.close();
oos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//解压文件
/*
* @param zipFile 准备解压的文件
* @param dstFile 将文件解压的路径
* @return : void
* @date : 2020/3/10 12:18
*/
private static void unZipFile(String zipFile, String dstFile) {
InputStream is = null;
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
is = new FileInputStream(zipFile);
ois = new ObjectInputStream(is);
//readObject()是按照你存入时的顺序依次读取对象
byte[] huffmanCodeArr = (byte[]) ois.readObject();
huffmanCode = (Map) ois.readObject();
zeloCount = (Integer) ois.readObject();
// System.out.println("zeloCount:"+zeloCount);
byte[] contentArr = decode(huffmanCodeArr, huffmanCode);
os=new FileOutputStream(dstFile);
os.write(contentArr);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
is.close();
ois.close();
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//解码
/*
* @param bytes 压缩后的字节数组
* @param huffmanCode 字符,和字符对应的路径组成的map
* @return : byte[] 返回元数组
* @date : 2020/3/9 14:26
*/
private static byte[] decode(byte[] bytes, Map huffmanCode) {
//将压缩后的字节数组变为用二进制路径表示字符的字符串,然后将字符串中路径变成对应字符
StringBuilder stringBuilder = byteArrtransfertoString(bytes);
Map map = new HashMap();
//将huffmanCode反转,'a'->101 编程101->'a',将路径转为对应的字符
for (Map.Entry entry : huffmanCode.entrySet()) {
map.put(entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());
}
//将路径翻译成对应的字符
List list = getChar(map, stringBuilder);
//将list变为数组
byte[] contenArr = new byte[list.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
contenArr[i] = list.get(i);
}
return contenArr;
}
//将压缩后的字节数组变为用二进制路径表示字符的字符串
private static StringBuilder byteArrtransfertoString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//将byte数组转化为二进制字符串
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
byte b = bytes[i];
boolean flag = true;
String str = byteTransfertoBinaryString(b);
if (i == bytes.length - 1) {
// System.out.println("str1:"+str);
str = str.substring(0, 8-zeloCount);
// System.out.println("str2:"+str);
}
stringBuilder.append(str);
}
//System.out.println("stringBuilder2:"+stringBuilder);
return stringBuilder;
}
private static List getChar(Map map, StringBuilder stringBuilder) {
List list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < stringBuilder.length(); ) {
int count = 1;
boolean flag = true;
//取出路径对应的字符
while (flag) {
if (!map.containsKey(stringBuilder.substring(i, i + count))) {
count++;
} else {
flag = false;
}
}
list.add(map.get(stringBuilder.substring(i, i + count)));
i += count;
}
return list;
}
//将byte转化为二进制存入String
private static String byteTransfertoBinaryString(byte b) {
int temp = b;
temp |= 256;
String str = Integer.toBinaryString(temp);
int len = str.length();
return str.substring(len - 8);
}
//将所有步骤封装
/*
* @param bytes 原字符串对应的byte数组
* @return : byte[] 压缩完后后将要发送的数组
* @date : 2020/3/9 12:30
*/
private static byte[] huffmanZip(byte[] bytes) {
//现将数组变为装有node节点的list集合
List nodes = getNodeList(bytes);
//得到对应的huffman树
Node root = getHuffman(nodes);
getAllCodes(root);
byte[] huffmanZipArr = getZipArr(bytes, huffmanCode);
return huffmanZipArr;
}
//得到压缩后的字节数组
/*
* @param bytes 原字符串对应的byte数组,按照这个数组字符排列顺序打印字符对应的路径
* @param huffmanCode 存放字符,和字符路径的map
* @return : byte[] 将所有路劲汇总每8个当成一位
* @date : 2020/3/9 12:07
*/
private static byte[] getZipArr(byte[] bytes, Map huffmanCode) {
//按照bytes中的字符排序顺序用路径替代字符存入stringBuilder
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : bytes) {
stringBuilder.append(huffmanCode.get(b));
}
//将stringBuilder每8个二进制当做一个byte类型存入字节数组
int len = 0;
//用于补齐不足8位的地方
String str = "";
//确定字节数组长度
if (stringBuilder.length() % 8 == 0) {
len = stringBuilder.length() / 8;
} else {
len = stringBuilder.length() / 8 + 1;
//不足8位的地方需要补0的个数
zeloCount = 8 - (stringBuilder.length() % 8);
for (int i = 0; i < zeloCount; i++) {
str += "0";
// System.out.println("zelo:"+str);
}
stringBuilder.append(str);
}
// System.out.println("stringBuilder1:"+stringBuilder);
//将stringbuild里面的二进制路径字符串每8位进行翻译成十进制
return stringTransfertoByteArr(stringBuilder, len);
}
//将stringbuild里面的二进制路径字符串每8位进行翻译成十进制
private static byte[] stringTransfertoByteArr(StringBuilder stringBuilder, int len) {
byte[] huffmanCodeArr = new byte[len];
//huffmanCodeArr的索引
int index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < stringBuilder.length(); i += 8) {
if (i + 8 > stringBuilder.length()) {//不够8位
huffmanCodeArr[index] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(stringBuilder.substring(i), 2);
} else {
huffmanCodeArr[index] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(stringBuilder.substring(i, i + 8), 2);
}
index++;
}
return huffmanCodeArr;
}
//得到所有字符的路径
private static void getAllCodes(Node root) {
if (root == null) {
return;
}
//记录路径,遍历huffman树时往左为0,往右为1直到找到对应字符;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
getcode(root.left, "0", stringBuilder);
getcode(root.right, "1", stringBuilder);
}
/*
* @param node 当前需要遍历的节点
* @param code 值为"0"或者"1"代表向左或者向右
* @param stringBuilder
* @return : void
* @date : 2020/3/8 13:20
*/
private static void getcode(Node node, String code, StringBuilder stringBuilder) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder2 = new StringBuilder(stringBuilder);
stringBuilder2.append(code);
if (node != null) {
if (node.value == null) {//证明这个点点为非叶子节点
//向左递归
getcode(node.left, "0", stringBuilder2);
//向右递归
getcode(node.right, "1", stringBuilder2);
} else {
huffmanCode.put(node.value, stringBuilder2.toString());
}
}
}
private static Node getHuffman(List nodes) {
while (nodes.size() > 1) {
Collections.sort(nodes);
Node leftNode = nodes.get(0);
Node rightNode = nodes.get(1);
Node parent = new Node(null, leftNode.weight + rightNode.weight);
parent.left = leftNode;
parent.right = rightNode;
nodes.remove(leftNode);
nodes.remove(rightNode);
nodes.add(parent);
}
return nodes.get(0);
}
//将数组变为List
private static List getNodeList(byte[] bytes) {
List nodes = new ArrayList<>();
//遍历bytes,记录每个value出现的次数,出现的次数就是huffman树的权值
Map counts = new HashMap<>();
for (byte b : bytes) {
Integer count = counts.get(b);
if (count == null) {
counts.put(b, 1);
} else {
counts.put(b, count + 1);
}
}
for (Map.Entry map : counts.entrySet()) {
nodes.add(new Node(map.getKey(), map.getValue()));
}
return nodes;
}
//前序遍历
private static void preOrder(Node root) {
if (root == null) {
return;
}
root.preOrder();
}
}
class Node implements Comparable {
public Byte value;
public int weight;
Node left;
Node right;
public Node(Byte value, int weight) {
this.value = value;
this.weight = weight;
}
//前序遍历
public void preOrder() {
System.out.println(this);
if (this.left != null) {
this.left.preOrder();
}
if (this.right != null) {
this.right.preOrder();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Node{" +
"value=" + value +
", weight=" + weight +
'}';
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Node o) {
return this.weight - o.weight;
}
}