Android 6.0运行时权限的申请使用及EasyPermissions的使用

在6.0下新的权限机制分为两类，Normal Permissions，这类权限是不需要用户授权，不会触及用户的隐私，只需要在manefest里面申请即可；还有一类是Dangerous Permissions，这类权限需要动态的去申请。

Normal Permission如下：

  android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
  android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
  android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
  android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
  android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
  android.permission.BLUETOOTH
  android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
  android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
  android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
  android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
  android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
  android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
  android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
  android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
  android.permission.INTERNET
  android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
  android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
  android.permission.NFC
  android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
  android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
  android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
  android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
  android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
  android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
  android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
  android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
  android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
  android.permission.VIBRATE
  android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
  android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
  com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
  com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
  com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

Dangerous Permissions：

  group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
    permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS    
    permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

  group:android.permission-group.PHONE
    permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
    permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE 
    permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
    permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
    permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
    permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

  group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
    permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

  group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
    permission:android.permission.CAMERA

  group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
    permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

  group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

  group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
    permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

  group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
    permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

  group:android.permission-group.SMS
    permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
    permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
    permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

可以看到Dangerous Permissions是按照组来分类的，如果申请了一组的其中一个权限，那么默认会获得该组的所有权限的使用。

申请的流程

1.在AndroidManifest里面配置需要的权限，无论是普通的还是特殊的权限都需要在这里配置。

2.检查权限，如果没有权限则申请

3.给用户申请权限的解释，这个方法只会在第一次用户拒绝授权，再次去申请这个的权限时会用到

4.申请相应的权限

5.处理申请权限的回调，在这里获得哪些授权成功哪些失败，处理需要的逻辑

具体的例子

下面的例子是获取用户的写外部存储器和打电话的权限

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);

        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//未获取权限
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
                //当用户第一次申请拒绝时，再次申请该权限调用
                Toast.makeText(this, "拨打电话权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            //申请权限
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 0x01);
        } else {//已经获得了权限
            call();
        }
    }

    private void call() {
        Toast.makeText(this, "打电话", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == 0x01) {
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//授权成功
                call();
            } else {//授权失败
                Toast.makeText(this, "获取权限失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
}

封装的三方库------EasyPermissions

这个用于权限的申请，使用起来十分的简单

导入

compile 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.1.5'

使用很简单，代码中都有注释，都能看懂

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks {

    private static final String TAG = "lzy";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //所要申请的权限
        String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE};
        
        if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {//检查是否获取该权限
            Log.i(TAG, "已获取权限");
        } else {
            //第二个参数是被拒绝后再次申请该权限的解释
            //第三个参数是请求码
            //第四个参数是要申请的权限
            EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, "必要的权限", 0, perms);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        //把申请权限的回调交由EasyPermissions处理
        EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
    }

    //下面两个方法是实现EasyPermissions的EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks接口
    //分别返回授权成功和失败的权限
    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List perms) {
        Log.i(TAG, "获取成功的权限" + perms);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List perms) {
        Log.i(TAG, "获取失败的权限" + perms);
    }
}

系统权限WRITE_SETTINGS

这段时间项目中一个功能需要修改手机的来电铃音，一直提示没有这个权限，这个权限比较特殊，不像之前一样去申请，按照下面的方式申请

private void CheckPermission() {
		if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
			if (!Settings.System.canWrite(this)) {

				Toast.makeText(this, getResources().getString(R.string.recorder_permission), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				Uri selfPackageUri = Uri.parse("package:"
						+ ChangeableRecorderActivity.this.getPackageName());
				Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS,
						selfPackageUri);
				startActivity(intent);
			}
		}
	}