Spring中自动装配
Spring中有四种自动装配类型,分别为:byName,byType,constructor,autodetect,下面来分别介绍一下这些是如何自动装配的
有四种自动装配类型:
1.byName:寻找和属性名相同的bean,若找不到,则装不上。
2.byType:寻找和属性类型相同的bean,找不到,装不上,找到多个抛异常。
3.constructor:查找和bean的构造参数一致的一个或
多个bean,若找不到或找到多个,抛异常。按照参数的类型装配
4.autodetect: (3)和(2)之间选一个方式。不确定性的处理与(3)和(2)一致。
在介绍实例之前先要创建结构,我们以一个实例开始,用Customers来做实例,实例的结构为:
我们要创建一个CustomersServiceImpl.java,内容为:
package cn.csdn.hr.service;
import cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseDao;
import cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDao;
import cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl;
publicclass CustomersServiceImpl implements CustomersService {
private CustomersDao customersDao = new CustomersDaoImpl();
private BaseDao baseDao;
// set方法注入
publicvoid setCustomersDao(CustomersDao customersDao) {
this.customersDao = customersDao;
}
publicvoid setBaseDao(BaseDao baseDao) {
this.baseDao = baseDao;
}
public CustomersDao getCustomersDao() {
returncustomersDao;
}
public BaseDao getBaseDao() {
returnbaseDao;
}
}
在xml中对上面的两个属性进行注入
1.首先来介绍一下没有autowire的效果,
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="customersServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.CustomersServiceImpl">
<property name="customersDao">
<bean class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl"/>
property>
<property name="baseDao">
<bean class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseHibernateDaoImpl"/>
property>
bean>
beans>
也可以用ref引用的方式来写,可以写为:
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="customersServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.CustomersServiceImpl">
<property name="customersDao">
<ref bean="customersDao"/>
property>
<property name="baseDao">
<ref bean="baseDao"/>
property>
bean>
<bean id="customersDao" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="baseDao" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseHibernateDaoImpl"/>
beans>
这样,在junit中测试为:
publicvoid test() {
//获取应用程序上下文对象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:beanAuto.xml");
CustomersServiceImpl customersServiceImpl = (CustomersServiceImpl) ac.getBean("customersServiceImpl");
System.out.println("baseDao的实例"+customersServiceImpl.getBaseDao());
System.out.println("customersDao的实例"+customersServiceImpl.getCustomersDao());
}
我们可以得到:
baseDao的实例cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseHibernateDaoImpl@12be1bd
customersDao的实例cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl@1f17e77
2.当把autowire设置为byName的时候,可以省略很多的代码,在junit和其他都不动的情况下,只改变xml,beanByName.xml中的代码为:
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="customersServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.CustomersServiceImpl" autowire="byName"/>
<bean id="customersDao" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl">bean>
<bean id="baseDao" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseHibernateDaoImpl">bean>
beans>
注:当autowire="byName"时,cn.csdn.hr.service.CustomersServiceImpl 属性名与bean的id名称的名称相同会自动装配。
3.当把autowire设置为byType的时候
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="customersServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.CustomersServiceImpl" autowire="byType"/>
<bean id="customersDaoImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl">bean>
<bean id="baseDaoImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseHibernateDaoImpl">bean>
beans>
注:不可以有相同的类型,也就是说不可以有相同的类名存在,id可有可无,但是一般情况下是存在的,它与其他的没有关联
4.当把autowire设置为constructor的时候
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="customersServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.CustomersServiceImpl" autowire="constructor"/>
<bean id="customersDaoImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="baseDaoImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseHibernateDaoImpl"/>
beans>
注:在执行这个xml的时候,要有构造函数,经过验证得出必须有有参构造才可以全部得到
5.当把autowire设置为autodetect的时候
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="customersServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.CustomersServiceImpl" autowire="autodetect" />
<bean id="customersDaoImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.CustomersDaoImpl" />
<bean id="baseDaoImpl" class="cn.csdn.hr.dao.BaseHibernateDaoImpl" />
beans>