CentOS下MySQL5.1二进制包安装

首先在MySQL官网下载MySQL二进制包(下载要注册，稍显麻烦）

我下载的mysql-5.1.49,有123M大哦，比源码包大多啦。

# ls -lh mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123M Aug 3 14:20 mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
然后放到/usr/local目录下
#cd /usr/local/
# ls
bin etc games include lib libexec mrtg mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz rrdtool sbin share src

添加MySQL用户，组
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql
解压MySQL
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
建一个符号链接      /usr/local/mysql
# ln -s mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23 mysql
# ll
total 126128
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 3 14:17 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 8 2008 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 8 2008 games
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 8 2008 include
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 8 2008 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 8 2008 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 May 17 13:57 mrtg
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root         31 Aug 3 14:29 mysql -> mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23
drwxr-xr-x 13 7155 wheel      4096 Jul 11 07:53 mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128915887 Aug 3 14:20 mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root       4096 Aug 3 14:17 rrdtool
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 8 2008 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root       4096 Apr 15 18:41 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Aug 8 2008 src

看下MySQL具体的目录结构
# ls mysql              
bin      data EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-BINARY man         README   share      support-files
COPYING docs include            lib             mysql-test scripts sql-bench

INSTALL-BINARY 是官方的安装说明

66    The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a
67    MySQL binary distribution are:
68
69 Note
70
71    The following process assumes that you have root (administrator)
72    access to your system. Alternatively you can prefix each command
73    using the sudo (Linux) or pfexec (OpenSolaris) command.
74 shell> groupadd mysql
75 shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
76 shell> cd /usr/local
77 shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
78 shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
79 shell> cd mysql
80 shell> chown -R mysql .
81 shell> chgrp -R mysql .
82 shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
83 shell> chown -R root .
84 shell> chown -R mysql data
85 shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

#cd mysql
# pwd
/usr/local/mysql

修改权限

#chown -R mysql .
#chgrp -R mysql .

建立MySQL配置文件
support-files下可以看到提供了5个模板，可以根据自己的环境选择。
# ls support-files/
binary-configure   magic                   my-medium.cnf        mysql.server
config.huge.ini    my-huge.cnf             my-small.cnf         ndb-config-2-node.ini
config.medium.ini my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysqld_multi.server
config.small.ini   my-large.cnf            mysql-log-rotate
我这里用my-medium.cnf
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

修改配置文件

# vi /etc/my.cnf

文件中添加下面一句，设置自己想要的数据目录。默认在./mysql/data下。我的数据目录设置为/data/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
保存退出

建立数据目录
# mkdir -p /data/mysql
# chown -R mysql /data/mysql
# chgrp -R mysql /data/mysql
# ll /data
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 3 14:41 mysql

初始化
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

修改权限
#chown -R root .

修改数据目录权限
# ll /data/mysql/
total 764
drwx------ 2 mysql root    4096 Aug 3 14:45 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19079 Aug 3 14:45 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 722735 Aug 3 14:45 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql     38 Aug 3 14:45 mysql-bin.index
drwx------ 2 mysql root    4096 Aug 3 14:45 test
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

启动MySQL
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

设置MySQL密码      
# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456

看看服务是否已启动
# netstat -tunlp |grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      5809/mysqld
# ps -ef |grep mysql
root      5707 3339 0 14:50 pts/3    00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql     5809 5707 0 14:50 pts/3    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/vbird.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/vbird.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      5836 3339 0 14:54 pts/3    00:00:00 grep mysql

把MySQL加入环境变量
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile  
# source /etc/profile   //使环境变量生效

# echo $PATH
/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

把MySQL加入开机启动
#echo "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &" >>/etc/rc.local     
或者
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig mysqld on

连接MySQL
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:****

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.1.49-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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