CentOS 7 yum 安装 MySQL5.7(不用下载安装包再上传到服务器)

0、环境

本文操作系统: CentOS 7.2.1511 x86_64
MySQL 版本: 5.7.13

1、找到 MySQL 官方的 Yum Repository并在Cenos中安装(如果也是安装的mysql5.7的话就可以直接执行下面命令,不用去再去找)

从 MySQL 官网选取合适的 MySQL 版本，获取下载地址。
然后使用 wget 下载：

root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
--2019-01-08 22:04:31--  http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.50.239.110
正在连接 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.50.239.110|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：9116 (8.9K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm”

100%[======================================>] 9,116       --.-K/s 用时 0s

2019-01-08 22:04:31 (144 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm” [9116/9116])

2、安装 yum Repository

[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# ls
mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在检查 mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch
mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql57-community-release.noarch.0.el7-8 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
 Package             架构   版本  源                                       大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
 mysql57-community-release
                     noarch el7-8 /mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 8.2 k

事务概要
================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总计：8.2 k
安装大小：8.2 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch                      1/1
  验证中      : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch                      1/1

已安装:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-8

完毕！

3、安装 MySQL 服务端

查看 mysql server

[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# yum search mysql-com
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
mysql-connectors-community                               | 2.5 kB     00:00
mysql-tools-community                                    | 2.5 kB     00:00
mysql57-community                                        | 2.5 kB     00:00
(1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db        |  29 kB   00:00
(2/3): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db                 | 162 kB   00:01
(3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db             |  48 kB   00:02
============================ N/S matched: mysql-com ============================
mysql-community-client.i686 : MySQL database client applications and tools
mysql-community-client.x86_64 : MySQL database client applications and tools
mysql-community-common.i686 : MySQL database common files for server and client
                            : libs
mysql-community-common.x86_64 : MySQL database common files for server and
                              : client libs
mysql-community-devel.i686 : Development header files and libraries for MySQL
                           : database client applications
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 : Development header files and libraries for MySQL
                             : database client applications
mysql-community-embedded.i686 : MySQL embedded library
mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 : MySQL embedded library
mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686 : MySQL embedded compat library
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 : MySQL embedded compat library
mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686 : Development header files and libraries for
                                    : MySQL as an embeddable library
mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 : Development header files and libraries
                                      : for MySQL as an embeddable library
mysql-community-libs.i686 : Shared libraries for MySQL database client
                          : applications
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 : Shared libraries for MySQL database client
                            : applications
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 : Shared compat libraries for MySQL 5.6.25
                                 : database client applications
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 : Shared compat libraries for MySQL 5.6.37
                                   : database client applications
mysql-community-release.noarch : MySQL repository configuration for yum
mysql-community-server.x86_64 : A very fast and reliable SQL database server
mysql-community-test.x86_64 : Test suite for the MySQL database server

  名称和简介匹配 only，使用“search all”试试。

安装,等待执行安装完成

[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server.x86_64
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.24-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.24-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit)，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit)，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaio.so.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libaio.x86_64.0.0.3.109-13.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.24-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.24-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.60-1.el7_5 将被 取代
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.24-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.24-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
 Package                      架构    版本             源                  大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
 mysql-community-libs         x86_64  5.7.24-1.el7     mysql57-community  2.2 M
      替换  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
 mysql-community-libs-compat  x86_64  5.7.24-1.el7     mysql57-community  2.0 M
      替换  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
 mysql-community-server       x86_64  5.7.24-1.el7     mysql57-community  165 M
为依赖而安装:
 libaio                       x86_64  0.3.109-13.el7   base                24 k
 mysql-community-client       x86_64  5.7.24-1.el7     mysql57-community   24 M
 mysql-community-common       x86_64  5.7.24-1.el7     mysql57-community  274 k

事务概要
================================================================================
安装  3 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)

总下载量：194 M
Downloading packages:
(1/6): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                    |  24 kB   00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(2/6): mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm      | 274 kB   00:02
(3/6): mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm        | 2.2 MB   00:00
(4/6): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB   00:01
(5/6): mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm      |  24 MB   00:15
(6/6): mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm      | 165 MB   00:22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                               7.2 MB/s | 194 MB  00:27
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 用户ID     : "MySQL Release Engineering "
 指纹       : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 软件包     : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch (installed)
 来自       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                  1/7
  正在安装    : mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                    2/7
  正在安装    : mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                  3/7
  正在安装    : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                4/7
  正在安装    : mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                  5/7
  正在安装    : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64             6/7
  正在删除    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                        7/7
  验证中      : mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                  1/7
  验证中      : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64             2/7
  验证中      : mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                    3/7
  验证中      : mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                  4/7
  验证中      : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                5/7
  验证中      : mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64                  6/7
  验证中      : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                        7/7

已安装:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el7
  mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el7
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el7

作为依赖被安装:
  libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el7
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el7

替代:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5

完毕！

4、启动 mysql 服务

然后启动，注意 CentOS7 的启动方式和以前不一样，CentOS7 使用了 systemctl

[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service

查看启动是否成功

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2019-01-08 22:08:10 CST; 17s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 20076 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 20003 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 20081 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─20081 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/my...

1月 08 22:08:05 iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
1月 08 22:08:10 iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

上面显示 active (running) 则表示已经正常启动。

5、登陆数据库

然后就可以进入数据库了，这里注意一点，MySQL5.7.6 之后会在启动 mysql 进程的时候生成一个用户密码，首次登陆需要这个密码才行。密码保存在 mysql 进程的日志里，即(/var/log/mysqld.log)

查看登陆密码

[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep 'password'
2019-01-08T14:08:06.532936Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: MKg%%)ef?1,*

然后登陆

[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

到这里 MySQL 就完全安装完成了。

6、修改 root 密码

首次安装成功之后需要更改密码,不然不能进行数据库操作

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

以前的 password()函数将会被抛弃，官方建议使用下面的命令来修改密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

但这里需要注意一下,更改密码的可能会出现新密码不成功,会报错

mysql>  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

这是因为MySQL5.6.6版本之后增加了密码强度验证插件validate_password，相关参数设置的较为严格,这里我们注意设置密码 长度要大于8，同时要有数字，大小写，特殊字符，但是因为是自己用,想把密码设置的简单点,例如"12345678"(此处密码长度最少为8位)，所以可以将验证级别降低

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

然后再执行

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

最后，安装完了可以删除 MySQL 的 Repository ，这样可以减少 yum 检查更新的时间，使用下面的命令。

[root@iZ2ze7rz0layh1h4ao1hcaZ ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm