模拟掷骰子并且记录频数和频率
生成随机数的方法:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
enumerate 遍历列表,返回每个元素的索引和值
#模拟掷骰子
def roll_dic():
roll = np.random.randint(1,7)
return roll
#定义主函数
def main():
total_times = 10000
#初始化列表
result_list = [0] * 6
for i in range(total_times):
roll = roll_dic()
for j in range(1,7):
if roll == j:
result_list[j-1] += 1
for i,x in enumerate(result_list):
print('点数{}的次数:{},频率:{}'.format(i + 1,x,x / total_times))
main()
点数1的次数:1644,频率:0.1644
点数2的次数:1633,频率:0.1633
点数3的次数:1664,频率:0.1664
点数4的次数:1708,频率:0.1708
点数5的次数:1672,频率:0.1672
点数6的次数:1679,频率:0.1679
def main():
total_times = 10000
#初始化列表
result_list = [0] * 11
roll_list = list(range(2,13))
#将键值对合并
roll_dict = dict(zip(roll_list,result_list))
for i in range(total_times):
roll1 = roll_dic()
roll2 = roll_dic()
for j in range(2,13):
if (roll1 + roll2) == j:
roll_dict[j] += 1
#i是字典的键,点数和;x是字典的值,点数和出现的次数
for i,x in roll_dict.items():
print('点数{}的次数:{},频率:{}'.format(i,x,x / total_times))
main()
点数2的次数:274,频率:0.0274
点数3的次数:532,频率:0.0532
点数4的次数:865,频率:0.0865
点数5的次数:1109,频率:0.1109
点数6的次数:1393,频率:0.1393
点数7的次数:1572,频率:0.1572
点数8的次数:1389,频率:0.1389
点数9的次数:1101,频率:0.1101
点数10的次数:869,频率:0.0869
点数11的次数:590,频率:0.059
点数12的次数:306,频率:0.0306
matplotlib模块
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
def main():
total_times = 1000
#记录掷骰子的结果
roll1_list = []
roll2_list = []
for i in range(total_times):
roll1 = roll_dic()
roll2 = roll_dic()
roll1_list.append(roll1)
roll2_list.append(roll2)
#可视化
x = range(1,total_times + 1)
plt.scatter(x,roll1_list,alpha=0.1)
plt.scatter(x,roll2_list,alpha=0.1)
plt.show()
main()
def main():
total_times = 100000
#记录掷骰子的结果
roll_list = []
for i in range(total_times):
roll1 = roll_dic()
roll2 = roll_dic()
roll_list.append(roll1 + roll2)
#可视化
plt.hist(roll_list,bins = range(2,14),density = True,edgecolor = 'black',width = 1)
plt.title('骰子点数统计图')
plt.xlabel('点数')
plt.ylabel('频率')
plt.show()
#因为函数更新,现在用density代替normed参数
main()
#默认设置中的字体不支持中文输出,需要重新设置
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
#有时负号也会存在问题
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
main()
def main():
total_times = 10000
#直接借助numpy生成随机数矩阵
roll1_arr = np.random.randint(1,7,total_times)
roll2_arr = np.random.randint(1,7,total_times)
roll_arr = roll1_arr + roll2_arr
#np中的可视化
hist , bins =np.histogram(roll_arr,bins = range(2,14))
print(hist,'\n',bins)
#修改坐标标签
tick_labels = ['2点','3点','4点','5点','6点','7点',
'8点','9点','10点','11点','12点']
tick_pos = np.arange(2,14) + 0.5
plt.xticks(tick_pos,tick_labels)
plt.hist(roll_arr,bins = range(2,14),density = True,edgecolor = 'black',linewidth = 1,rwidth = 0.8)
plt.title('骰子点数统计图')
plt.xlabel('点数')
plt.ylabel('频率')
plt.show()
main()
[ 293 542 878 1098 1356 1713 1359 1141 781 580 259]
[ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13]
掷3个骰子的可视化
def main():
total_times = 10000
roll1_arr = np.random.randint(1,7,total_times)
roll2_arr = np.random.randint(1,7,total_times)
roll3_arr = np.random.randint(1,7,total_times)
roll_arr = roll1_arr + roll2_arr + roll3_arr
tick_labels = ['3点','4点','5点','6点','7点',
'8点','9点','10点','11点','12点',
'13点','14点','15点','16点','17点','18点']
tick_pos = np.arange(3,20) + 0.5
plt.xticks(tick_pos,tick_labels)
plt.hist(roll_arr,bins = range(3,20),density = True,edgecolor = 'black',linewidth = 1,rwidth = 0.8)
plt.title('骰子点数统计图')
plt.xlabel('点数')
plt.ylabel('频率')
plt.show()
main()