在Eclipse下使用Maven创建SpringMVC样例项目
1，新建maven项目，项目名起为：MavenSpringMVC。
具体步骤参见我的上一篇博客：在eclipse下使用Maven创建Struts2项目样例
2，配置pom.xml文件，引入依赖包（当然，我也不是一开始就知道需要引入哪些包的，我一开始也只是引入了Spring的核心包，后面发现缺包了就再补上）
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yutaogroupId>
<artifactId>MavenSpringMVCartifactId>
<packaging>warpackaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<name>MavenSpringMVC Maven Webappname>
<url>http://maven.apache.orgurl>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>3.8.1version>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
<version>4.2.6.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
<version>4.2.6.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
<version>4.2.6.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>4.2.6.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>MavenSpringMVCfinalName>
build>
project>
3，规划一下我们的项目的访问路径及项目流程结构。
按照前人的建议，jsp、js等文件放在WEB-INF下是较为安全的、不能被外部直接访问的，因此这里采用这种建议，具体组织结构见下图： 
这样组织目录结构之后，我们来考虑下项目的访问流程：
由于我们上面的目录结构限制了访问项目时是不能直接访问jsp文件的，因此我们所有的页面跳转都要通过controller实现。
首先输入localhost/MavenSpringMVC应该通过controller跳转访问到用户端首页(client/index.jsp)，在该页面上点击“登录”按钮后通过controller跳转到用户登录页面(client/login.jsp)，在此页面输入用户名、密码，点击“登录”按钮，提交表单至后台进行登陆验证(client/login.do)，验证失败则通过controller跳转至错误展示页面(error.jsp)，验证成功则通过controller跳转至首页(client/index.jsp)并展示当前登录用户的登录状态，同时需要提供一个“退出”按钮以便退出登录，点击“退出”按钮后通过controller跳转回到首页(client/index.jsp)。至此，用户端的登录、退出功能流程走完。
然后访问localhost/MavenSpringMVC/admin应该通过controller跳转至管理端登录页面(admin/login.jsp)，输入用户名、密码，点击“登录”按钮，提交表单至后台进行验证登录(admin/login.do)，验证失败通过controller跳转至错误展示页面(error.jsp)，演出成功则通过controller跳转至(admin/index.jsp)并展示当前登录用户的登录状态，同时需要提供一个“退出”按钮以便退出登录，点击“退出”按钮后通过controller跳转至admin/index.jsp页面或者admin/login.jsp页面都行，假如跳转至admin/index.jsp页面，则同时需要在页面上提供一个“登录”按钮，点击该按钮后通过controller跳转至admin/login.jsp页面。
4，根据我们上面规划的项目结构及访问流程，我们首先需要来对项目进行配置
4.1 /MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml文件配置：
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
<display-name>display-name>
web-app>
4.2 /MavenSpringMVC/src/main/resources/applicationContext.xml文件配置
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
bean>
<mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
<mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
<mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/images/" mapping="/images/**" />
beans>5，配置完成后，我们来开始写代码，首先写前端部分
5.1 用户端、管理端公用部分：
/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/css/skin1/index.css:
@CHARSET "UTF-8";
.my-btn {
height: 20px;
background: #2196F3;
display: inline-block;
text-align: center;
padding: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
color: gainsboro;
font-weight: bold;
}/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/error.jsp：
<%@page import="org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.*"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
head>
<body>
操作出错：<%=request.getAttribute("msg") %>
body>
html>
5.2 用户端部分：
/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/client/index.jsp:
<%@page import="com.user.bean.User"%>
<%@page import="org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestScope"%>
<%@page import="org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory"%>
<%@page import="java.util.*"%>
<%@page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/public/JQuery/jquery-1.12.1.js">script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/project/client/index.js">script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/skin1/index.css">
<title>用户端首页title>
head>
<body>
<p>用户端首页p>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${sessionScope.loginUser.userName != null}">
${sessionScope.loginUser.userName}你好！
<a id="clientLogoutBtn" class="my-btn">退出a>
c:when>
<c:otherwise>
<a id="toClientLoginBtn" class="my-btn">登录a>
<a id="toRegisterBtn" class="my-btn">注册a>
c:otherwise>
c:choose>
body>
html>/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/js/project/client/index.js:
/**
* 用户端首页js
*/
$(function() {
$("#toClientLoginBtn").click(function(){
window.location = "client.do";//跳转至client/login.jsp
});
$("#clientLogoutBtn").click(function(){
window.location = "client/logout.do";//退出登录，跳转至client/index.jsp
});
});
/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/client/login.jsp：
<%@page import="org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.*"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用户登录title>
head>
<body>
<form action="client/login.do" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="admin" /><br>
密 码：<input type="password" name="password" value="123456"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
<input type="reset" value="重置" />
form>
body>
html>
5.3 管理端部分：
/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/admin/index.jsp：
<%@page import="com.user.bean.User"%>
<%@page import="org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestScope"%>
<%@page import="org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory"%>
<%@page import="java.util.*"%>
<%@page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/public/JQuery/jquery-1.12.1.js">script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/project/admin/index.js">script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/skin1/index.css">
<title>管理员端首页title>
head>
<body>
<p>管理员端首页p>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${sessionScope.loginUser.userName != null}">
${sessionScope.loginUser.userName}你好！
<a id="toInfoEditBtn" class="my-btn">个人信息维护a>
<a id="adminLogoutBtn" class="my-btn">退出a>
c:when>
<c:otherwise>
<a id="toAdminLoginBtn" class="my-btn">登录a>
c:otherwise>
c:choose>
body>
html>/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/js/project/admin/index.js：
/**
* 管理端首页js
*/
$(function() {
$("#toAdminLoginBtn").click(function(){
window.location = "admin";//退出登录，跳转至admin/login.jsp
});
$("#adminLogoutBtn").click(function(){
window.location = "admin/logout.do";//退出登录，跳转至client/index.jsp
});
});/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/admin/login.jsp：
<%@page import="org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.*"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>管理员登录title>
head>
<body>
<p>管理员登录p>
<form action="admin/login.do" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="admin" /><br>
密 码：<input type="password" name="password" value="123456"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
<input type="reset" value="重置" />
form>
body>
html>6，然后开始写后台代码
6.1 新建一个User类：
/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/java/com/user/bean/User.java：
package com.user.bean;
public class User {
private String id;
private String userName;
private String password;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}6.2 新建一个作为项目主入口的、控制全局跳转的controller：
/MavenSpringMVC/src/main/java/com/pub/controller/MainController.java：
package com.pub.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class MainController {
/**
* 访问客户端主页，默认进入client/index.jsp
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping("/")
public ModelAndView toClientIndex() throws Exception {
return new ModelAndView("client/index");// 跳转至pages/client下的index.jsp
}
/**
* 访问管理员端主页，默认进入admin/login.jsp
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping("admin")
public ModelAndView toAdminLogin() throws Exception {
return new ModelAndView("admin/login");// 跳转至pages/admin/login.jsp
}
/**
* 访问客户端登录界面，进入client/login.jsp
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping("client.do")
public ModelAndView toClientLogin() throws Exception {
return new ModelAndView("client/login");// 跳转至pages/client/login.jsp
}
}
6.3 新建一个专门用于处理与User相关的逻辑的controller
package com.user.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.user.bean.User;
@Controller
public class UserController {
Map model = new HashMap();
/**
* 客户端登录验证，登录成功后跳转至client/index.jsp
*
* @param user
* @param session
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping("client/login.do")
public ModelAndView clientLogin(User user, HttpSession session)
throws Exception {
if (user == null || user.getUserName() == null
|| user.getPassword() == null || user.getUserName().equals("")
|| user.getPassword().equals("")) {
model.put("msg", "用户名或者密码为空");
return new ModelAndView("error", model);
} else if (!user.getUserName().equals("admin")
|| !user.getPassword().equals("123456")) {
model.put("msg", "用户名或密码错误！");
return new ModelAndView("error", model);
} else {
model.put("msg", "登录成功");
session.setAttribute("loginUser", user);// 这里注意要把userId也设置到user中，以方便在前台取用
return new ModelAndView("client/index", model);// 登录成功后跳转至client/index.jsp
}
}
/**
* 客户端退出登录，退出后跳转至client/index.jsp
*
* @param session
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping("client/logout.do")
public ModelAndView clientLogout(HttpSession session) throws Exception {
User loginUser = (User) session.getAttribute("loginUser");
if (loginUser != null) {
session.removeAttribute("loginUser");
}
model.put("msg", "已退出登录！");
return new ModelAndView("client/index", model);// 退出后跳转至client/index.jsp
}
/**
* 管理员端登录验证，登录成功后跳转至admin/index.jsp
*
* @param user
* @param session
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping("admin/login.do")
public ModelAndView adminLogin(User user, HttpSession session)
throws Exception {
if (user == null || user.getUserName() == null
|| user.getPassword() == null || user.getUserName().equals("")
|| user.getPassword().equals("")) {
model.put("msg", "用户名或者密码为空");
return new ModelAndView("error", model);
} else if (!user.getUserName().equals("admin")
|| !user.getPassword().equals("123456")) {
model.put("msg", "用户名或密码错误！");
return new ModelAndView("error", model);
} else {
model.put("msg", "登录成功");
session.setAttribute("loginUser", user);// 这里注意要把userId也设置到user中，以方便在前台取用
return new ModelAndView("admin/index", model);
}
}
/**
* 管理端退出登录，退出后跳转至admin/index.jsp
*
* @param session
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping("admin/logout.do")
public ModelAndView adminLogout(HttpSession session) throws Exception {
User loginUser = (User) session.getAttribute("loginUser");
if (loginUser != null) {
session.removeAttribute("loginUser");
}
model.put("msg", "已退出登录！");
return new ModelAndView("admin/index", model);// 退出后跳转至client/index.jsp
}
} 7，代码编写完毕，部署到tomcat，访问测试一下，看看效果：
7.1 用户端访问
首先访问localhost/MavenSpringMVC： 
点击”登录“按钮： 
输入用户名、密码后点击”登录“： 
点击”退出“按钮： 
点击”登录“按钮： 
OK，用户端测试完毕！
7.2 管理端访问
首先访问localhost/MavenSpringMVC/admin: 
输入用户名、密码后点”登录“： 
点击”退出“按钮： 
点击”登录“按钮： 
OK，管理端也测试完毕！
8，关于跳转的配置及映射关系：
8.1 首先以localhost/MavenSpringMVC这个URL的访问为例说下： 
localhost/MavenSpringMVC这个路径会映射到哪个controller呢?这得去*Controller.java里去找，匹配@RequestMapping后面配置的路径名，这个路径当然很容易就能看出来是匹配一个”/”，即匹配到toClientIndex这个controller方法，这个方法执行完毕之后返回一个字符串”client/index”，再结合applicationContext.xml里的配置，得出实际要访问到的页面路径是prefix+”client/index”+suffix=”/WEB-INF/pages/client/index.jsp”。
8.2 再以用户端登录按钮的跳转来说下： 
在访问localhost/MavenSpringMVC后进入到client/index.jsp页面，在页面上点击“登录”按钮，该按钮绑定的事件是window.location = “client.do”，即访问client.do这个controller，在后台*Controller.java里去匹配，会发现匹配到MainController的toClientLogin这个方法，该方法返回一个字符串”client/login”，即对应为”/WEB-INF/pages/client/login.jsp”页面，于是跳转至该页面。