spring学习(一)

       今天开始学习《Spring 开发指南》，按照上面的配置，运行spring的第一程序，结果发现就出现错误。主要有下面2个错误，呵呵，建议有人修改一下《Spring 开发指南》，以免后人再犯同样的错误，而且找半天还找不到解决的办法。
      其一：错误现象如下：
      

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org / apache / commons / logging / LogFactory
    at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils. < clinit > (ClassUtils.java: 73 )
    at org.springframework.core.io.DefaultResourceLoader. < init > (DefaultResourceLoader.java: 52 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext. < init > (AbstractApplicationContext.java: 198 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext. < init >

(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java: 80 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext. < init >

(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java: 58 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext. < init >

(FileSystemXmlApplicationContext.java: 121 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext. < init >

(FileSystemXmlApplicationContext.java: 68 )
    at test.UpperActionTest.test_execte(UpperActionTest.java: 15 )
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java: 39 )
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java: 25 )
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java: 597 )
    at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java: 168 )
    at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java: 134 )
    at junit.framework.TestResult$ 1 .protect(TestResult.java: 110 )
    at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java: 128 )
    at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java: 113 )
    at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java: 124 )
    at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java: 232 )
    at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java: 227 )
    at org.junit.internal.runners.OldTestClassRunner.run(OldTestClassRunner.java: 76 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java: 45 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java: 38 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java: 460 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java: 673 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java: 386 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java: 196 )

   这个错误，其实不是书上的错误，是因为我们少引入一个jar包：commons-logging.jar。

   其二，错误现象如下：

org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line  1  in XML document from file [E:\eclipse - SDK - 3.4 \workspace\spring\bean.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc - elt. 1 : Cannot find the declaration of element  ' beans ' .
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java: 369 )
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java: 313 )
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java: 290 )
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java: 142 )
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java: 158 )
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java: 184 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java: 112 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java: 79 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java: 97 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java: 411 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java: 338 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext. < init > (FileSystemXmlApplicationContext.java: 124 )
    at org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext. < init > (FileSystemXmlApplicationContext.java: 68 )
    at test.UpperActionTest.test_execte(UpperActionTest.java: 15 )
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java: 39 )
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java: 25 )
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java: 597 )
    at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java: 168 )
    at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java: 134 )
    at junit.framework.TestResult$ 1 .protect(TestResult.java: 110 )
    at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java: 128 )
    at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java: 113 )
    at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java: 124 )
    at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java: 232 )
    at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java: 227 )
    at org.junit.internal.runners.OldTestClassRunner.run(OldTestClassRunner.java: 76 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java: 45 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java: 38 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java: 460 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java: 673 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java: 386 )
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java: 196 )
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc - elt. 1 : Cannot find the declaration of element  ' beans ' .
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java: 195 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java: 131 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java: 384 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java: 318 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java: 1887 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.startElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java: 685 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java: 400 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java: 626 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java: 3084 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java: 912 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java: 645 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java: 140 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java: 508 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java: 807 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java: 737 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java: 107 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java: 225 )
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java: 283 )
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java: 78 )
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java: 361 )
      32  more

     这个错误就是书上的错误了。问题是因为bean.xml写的有问题，书上这样

< beans >
     < description > Spring Quick Start     description >
     < bean id = " TheAction "   class = " com.neusoft.wang_xj.actionImpl.UpperAction " >
         < property name = " message " >
             < value > HeLLo value >
         property >
     bean >
beans >

   是不正确。修改成这样：

xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " UTF-8 " ?>    
  
< beans xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans "  xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "   
    xmlns:aop = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop "  xmlns:tx = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx "   
    xmlns:context = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/context "   
    xsi:schemaLocation = "    
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd   
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop    
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd   
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/tx    
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd   
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context   
          http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">   
< bean id = " TheAction "   class = " com.neusoft.wang_xj.actionImpl.UpperAction " >    
< property name = " message " >    
< value > HeLLo value >    
property >    
bean >     
beans >

     问题就解决了。

    不知道你按照我说的修改，问题解决了么？