java spi
内部实现也是基于ClassLoader
机制。java spi
核心类是ServiceLoader
,现在看它的实现逻辑;
ServiceLoader
内部含有一私有类LazyIterator
,继承Iterator
,封装了spi
具体实现。
private class LazyIterator implements Iterator<S>
{
Class<S> service;
ClassLoader loader;
Enumeration<URL> configs = null;
Iterator<String> pending = null;
String nextName = null;
private LazyIterator(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader) {
this.service = service;
this.loader = loader;
}
private boolean hasNextService() {
if (nextName != null) {
return true;
}
if (configs == null) {
try {
String fullName = PREFIX + service.getName();
if (loader == null)
configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
else
configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
} catch (IOException x) {
fail(service, "Error locating configuration files", x);
}
}
while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
return false;
}
pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement());
}
nextName = pending.next();
return true;
}
private S nextService() {
if (!hasNextService())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
String cn = nextName;
nextName = null;
Class<?> c = null;
try {
c = Class.forName(cn, false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " not found");
}
if (!service.isAssignableFrom(c)) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " not a subtype");
}
try {
S p = service.cast(c.newInstance());
providers.put(cn, p);
return p;
} catch (Throwable x) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " could not be instantiated",
x);
}
throw new Error(); // This cannot happen
}
public boolean hasNext() {
if (acc == null) {
return hasNextService();
} else {
PrivilegedAction<Boolean> action = new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
public Boolean run() { return hasNextService(); }
};
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, acc);
}
}
public S next() {
if (acc == null) {
return nextService();
} else {
PrivilegedAction<S> action = new PrivilegedAction<S>() {
public S run() { return nextService(); }
};
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, acc);
}
}
public void remove() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
从此类的实现来看,最重要的2
个方法是hasNextService()
和nextService()
;
private boolean hasNextService() {
if (nextName != null) {
return true;
}
if (configs == null) {
try {
String fullName = PREFIX + service.getName();
if (loader == null)
configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
else
configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
} catch (IOException x) {
fail(service, "Error locating configuration files", x);
}
}
while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
return false;
}
pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement());
}
nextName = pending.next();
return true;
}
private Iterator<String> parse(Class<?> service, URL u)
throws ServiceConfigurationError
{
InputStream in = null;
BufferedReader r = null;
ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
try {
in = u.openStream();
r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
int lc = 1;
while ((lc = parseLine(service, u, r, lc, names)) >= 0);
} catch (IOException x) {
fail(service, "Error reading configuration file", x);
} finally {
try {
if (r != null) r.close();
if (in != null) in.close();
} catch (IOException y) {
fail(service, "Error closing configuration file", y);
}
}
return names.iterator();
}
根据代码它有以下几步
ClassLoader
加载META-INF/services/xxx
文件,其中xxx
为类的全路径名称。对于SPI
的实现模块,我们需要在resources
的META-INF/services
下存放接口全路径名的文件,内容为接口的实现。META-INF/services/xxx
文件后,调用parse
方法,解析内容,获取所有实现类的名称。private S nextService() {
if (!hasNextService())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
String cn = nextName;
nextName = null;
Class<?> c = null;
try {
c = Class.forName(cn, false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " not found");
}
if (!service.isAssignableFrom(c)) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " not a subtype");
}
try {
S p = service.cast(c.newInstance());
providers.put(cn, p);
return p;
} catch (Throwable x) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " could not be instantiated",
x);
}
throw new Error(); // This cannot happen
}
ClassLoader
加载,loader
是传入的ClassLoader
,如果为null
,会使用BootstrapClassLoader
,因为它只加载java
核心代码,所以就会找不到。class
后,通过反射初始化,并调用cast
方法,转化为具体的实现。Java SPI
其实内部实现原理还是基于ClassLoader
。我们可以自定义ClassLoader
,结合SPI
技术,就能做到接口和具体实现解耦,还能做到类隔离和对业务代码无感知的升级。