简单的查询

一查询一个字段

查询员工姓名

mysql> select ename from emp;
+--------+
| ename  |
+--------+
| SMITH  |
| ALLEN  |
| WARD   |
| JONES  |
| MARTIN |
| BLAKE  |
| CLARK  |
| SCOTT  |
| KING   |
| TURNER |
| ADAMS  |
| JAMES  |
| FORD   |
| MILLER |
+--------+

Select语句后面跟的是字段名称，select是关键字，select和字段名称之间采用空格隔开，from表示将要查询的表，它和字段之间采用空格隔开。

二查询多个字段

查询员工的编号和姓名

mysql> select empno, ename from emp;
+-------+--------+
| empno | ename  |
+-------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  |
|  7499 | ALLEN  |
|  7521 | WARD   |
|  7566 | JONES  |
|  7654 | MARTIN |
|  7698 | BLAKE  |
|  7782 | CLARK  |
|  7788 | SCOTT  |
|  7839 | KING   |
|  7844 | TURNER |
|  7876 | ADAMS  |
|  7900 | JAMES  |
|  7902 | FORD   |
|  7934 | MILLER |
+-------+--------+

查询多个字段，select中的字段采用逗号间隔即可，最后一个字段，也就是在from前面的字段不能使用逗号了。

三查询全部字段

mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1981-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+

采用select * from emp，虽然简单，但是*号不是很明确，建议查询全部字段将相关字段写到select语句的后面,在以后java连接数据库的时候,是需要在java程序中编写SQL语句的,这个时候编写的SQL语句不建议使用select *  这种形式,建议写明字段,这样可读性强.

四计算员工的年薪

列出员工的编号，姓名和年薪

mysql> select empno, ename, sal*12 from emp;
+-------+--------+----------+
| empno | ename  | sal*12   |
+-------+--------+----------+
|  7369 | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
|  7521 | WARD   | 15000.00 |
|  7566 | JONES  | 35700.00 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | 29400.00 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
|  7839 | KING   | 60000.00 |
|  7844 | TURNER | 18000.00 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
|  7902 | FORD   | 36000.00 |
|  7934 | MILLER | 15600.00 |
+-------+--------+----------+

在select语句中可以使用运算符。

五将查询出来的字段重新命名

列出员工的员工编号，姓名，年薪

mysql> select empno, ename, sal*12 as '年薪' from emp;
+-------+--------+----------+
| empno | ename  | 年薪        |
+-------+--------+----------+
|  7369 | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
|  7521 | WARD   | 15000.00 |
|  7566 | JONES  | 35700.00 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | 29400.00 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
|  7839 | KING   | 60000.00 |
|  7844 | TURNER | 18000.00 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
|  7902 | FORD   | 36000.00 |
|  7934 | MILLER | 15600.00 |
+-------+--------+----------+

as可以省略，重命名的字符串要加单引号，特别是中文，必须加，如果是英文字符，可以不加引号。