本次测试环境基本信息
本文是对Oracle RMAN各类压缩算法的对比测试。 Oracle RMAN的各类压缩算法： Oracle 提供Basic Compression Option（BCO）和Advanced Compression Option（ACO）两种选项，其中ACO又包含HIGH、MEDIUM、LOW三种压缩级别。
2.本次测试环境基本信息
测试环境：AIX 7.1 + Oracle 11.2.0.4 测试数据量：93G
SQL> select sum(bytes/1024/1024/1024) "GB" from dba_segments;
GB
----------
93.4935303
RMAN当前配置选项：
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name jingyudb are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '+DATA/jingyudb/snapcf_jingyudb.f';
测试环境确认停止业务测试后，在准备期间发现数据库仍有大量job在运行，为了尽可能避免其对测试结果的影响，申请设置参数禁止job运行（注意测试完成后要恢复原始设置）：
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
System altered.
RMAN备份配置：
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
3.测试步骤
3.1 使用BCO进行压缩备份
RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（默认就是这种压缩备份算法）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
脚本名称：rman01-basic.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
run {
backup
as compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log
exit 0
脚本输出日志：rman01-basic.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:08:03 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 15:08:03 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1335 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2tv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:08:25
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_30v1og6f_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_31v1og6h_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2uv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:09:52
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2vv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:10:12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2sv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:13:23
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-05 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:21:30 CST 2020
=================================================
3.2 不使用压缩备份
RMAN设置压缩备份的类型：无需设置。 脚本名称：rman02-nocomp.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
run {
backup
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log
exit 0
脚本输出日志：rman02-nocomp.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:47:39 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 15:47:39 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_34v1oi0u_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:08
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_35v1oi0v_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:09
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_36v1oi0v_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:09
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_33v1oi0u_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:36
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_37v1oieb_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_38v1oiec_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-06 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:55:22 CST 2020
=================================================
3.3 使用ACO中LOW级别进行压缩备份
RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（压缩算法设置为LOW，其他不变）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'LOW' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;
脚本名称：rman03-low.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
run {
backup
as compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test03-low_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log
exit 0
脚本输出日志：rman03-low.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:28:37 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:28:37 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_28v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:45
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2bv1oa39_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2cv1oa3e_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_29v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:25
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2av1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_27v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:05
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:33:46 CST 2020
=================================================
3.4 使用ACO中MEDIUM级别进行压缩备份
RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（压缩算法设置为MEDIUM，其他不变）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'MEDIUM' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;
脚本名称：rman04-medium.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
run {
backup
as compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_%d_%U'
database
include current controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log
exit 0
脚本输出日志：rman04-medium.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:40:22 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:40:22 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2fv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:15
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2gv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:15
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2jv1oaq8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2iv1oaq8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2hv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2ev1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:51
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-03 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:46:18 CST 2020
=================================================
3.5 使用ACO中HIGH级别进行压缩备份
RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（压缩算法设置为HIGH，其他不变）：
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;
脚本名称：rman05-high.sh
echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
run {
backup
as www.jintianxuesha.com compressed backupset
incremental level = 0
filesperset = 3
format='/orabak /rman/Test05-high_%d_%U'
database
include current www.yuchengyule.com controlfile spfile ;
}
exit;
EOF
echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
echo "www.pinguo2yl.com www.yunzeyle.cn=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log
exit 0
脚本输出日志：rman05-high.log
=================================================
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:49:57 CST 2020
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:49:57 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.
connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
Starting backup at 02-JUN-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: www.jinliyld.cn specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=www.letianhuanchao.cn +DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2mv1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:24:25
channel ORA_DISK_2: www.yachengyl.cn starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: www.51kunlunyule.com specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2pv1oci1_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2qv1oci3_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2nv1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:46:52
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2ov1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:53:13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2lv1ob47_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:58:23
Finished backup at 02-JUN-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-04 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20
RMAN>
Recovery Manager complete.
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 14:48:24 CST 2020
=================================================
4.各类备份方式对比分析
根据实际测试的结果，对比各类备份方式的差异。
4.1 生成备份文件大小差异
$ du -sg Test01-basic*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
17.31
$ du -sg Test02-nocomp*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
90.21
$ du -sg Test03-low*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
20.58
$ du -sg Test04-medium*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
16.67
$ du -sg Test05-high*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}'
10.49
从本次测试结果来看，当前环境下，各类备份方式生成备份文件大小：
不使用压缩（90.21G） > ACO-low（20.58G） > BCO-basic（17.31G） > ACO-medium（16.67G） > ACO-high（10.49G）。
4.2 备份时长差异
$BCO-basic（13分27秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:08:03 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:21:30 CST 2020
$不使用压缩（7分43秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:47:39 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 15:55:22 CST 2020
$ACO-low（5分9秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:28:37 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:33:46 CST 2020
$ACO-medium（5分56秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:40:22 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:46:18 CST 2020
$ACO-high（58分27秒）
Begin backup at: Tue Jun 2 13:49:57 CST 2020
End backup at: Tue Jun 2 14:48:24 CST 2020
从本次测试结果来看，当前环境下，各类备份方式备份时长差异：ACO-high（58分27秒） > BCO-basic（13分27秒） > 不使用压缩（7分43秒） > ACO-medium（5分56秒） > ACO-low（5分9秒）。
4.3 备份CPU资源差异
使用OSW采集到的数据进行分析，只需关注 13:00 - 16:00 这个时间区间内的情况。
java -Duser.language=en -Duser.country=us -jar oswbba.jar -i /Users/jingyuzhao/Documents/oswbb/archive/ -b Jun 2 13:00:00 2020 -e Jun 2 16:00:00 2020
综上，可以看到CPU主要都是User消耗的：在使用ACO-low备份期间（13:28:37 - 13:33:46），CPU使用率为10%左右；在使用ACO-medium备份期间（13:40:22 - 13:46:18），CPU使用率为37%左右；在使用ACO-high备份期间（13:49:57 - 14:48:24），CPU使用率为40%左右；在使用BCO-basic压缩备份期间（15:08:03 - 15:21:30），CPU使用率为40%左右；在不使用压缩备份期间（15:47:39 - 15:55:22），CPU使用率为1%左右。
4.4 备份Memory资源差异
综上，可以看到Memory的free实际在几次备份看不出明显差异，从swap使用来看也同样没有明显差异（上下浮动不到100MB）。从现有的内存监控数据来看，各类备份看不出对内存有明显的差异。
4.5 备份IO资源差异
综上，可以看到IO主要集中在hdisk0、hdisk1、hdisk2三块盘：在使用ACO-low备份期间（13:28:37 - 13:33:46），IO使用率为100%左右；在使用ACO-medium备份期间（13:40:22 - 13:46:18），IO使用率为100%左右；在使用ACO-high备份期间（13:49:57 - 14:48:24），IO使用率平均在15%左右；在使用BCO-basic压缩备份期间（15:08:03 - 15:21:30），IO使用率为50%左右；在不使用压缩备份期间（15:47:39 - 15:55:22），IO使用率为100%左右。
5.总结
本文档对5种类型的备份方式分别进行了实际测试和对比分析，下面将相关结论总结为下表：
| 备份时间 | 压缩类型 | 备份时长 | 备份文件大小 | CPU使用 | Memory | IO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13:28:37 - 13:33:46 | ACO-low | 5分9秒 | 20.58GB | 10% | 不明显 | 100% |
| 13:40:22 - 13:46:18 | ACO-medium | 5分56秒 | 16.67GB | 37% | 不明显 | 100% |
| 13:49:57 - 14:48:24 | ACO-high | 58分27秒 | 10.49GB | 40% | 不明显 | 15% |
| 15:08:03 - 15:21:30 | BCO-basic | 13分27秒 | 17.31GB | 40% | 不明显 | 50% |
| 15:47:39 - 15:55:22 | 不使用压缩 | 7分43秒 | 90.21GB | 1% | 不明显 | 100% |
整体来看，如果没有特殊的需求，BCO的basic已经可以满足需求；如果确认选用ACO，可以看到ACO-low级别CPU使用率最低，备份文件要比BCO-basic偏大；ACO-medium级别在CPU使用率、备份时长、备份文件大小都要比BCO-basic有所提升；而ACO-high级别的备份，虽然备份文件是最小的，但消耗时间过长，要谨慎使用。
另外需要特别说明的是，Oracle官方也在文档中明确提到，不同压缩级别的性能具体表现如何，取决于实际环境，所以本文测试结论只局限于该测试环境和数据情况，如果其他环境需要选择，还需要针对性进行测试。