Centos7搭建apache网页文件服务器及单机器多站点配置详解

Apache和Nginx对比，其实我跟青睐轻量级的Nginx一点，无奈公司的这台电脑的Nginx被人配置的有点乱，所以装了个Apache来搞个网页文件服务器。这里记录下搭建步骤以及访问权限的坑。

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安装Apache

Apache在centos的repo中叫做httpd，直接用yum安装即可

yum -y install httpd

之后查看一下版本

[root@testmachine test]# httpd -version
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built:   Aug  8 2019 11:41:18

配置文件详解

配置文件在路径/etc/httpd目录

[root@testmachine httpd]# pwd
/etc/httpd
[root@testmachine httpd]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  37 Mar  4 21:47 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 117 Mar  4 21:47 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 165 Mar  4 21:47 conf.modules.d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  19 Mar  4 21:47 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  29 Mar  4 21:47 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Mar  4 21:47 run -> /run/httpd
[root@testmachine httpd]#

其中主要的配置文件是conf/httpd.conf，而一些自定义的配置，例如针对不同url提供的不同目录的服务，就可以在conf.d中来配置，下面会讲。

其中httpd.conf中有几个比较关键的配置项在这里说一下

• ServerRoot “/etc/httpd”
  这里指定Apache的配置文件的位置，也就是上面提到的文件夹，不要修改

• Listen 80
  这里指定服务监听的IP和端口，不指定IP则默认是所有网卡。如果是多个站点，则这里要分多行分别指定多个端口

• User apache/Group apache
  启动httpd服务的用户和组，如果没有被自动创建需要手动useradd apache创建

---

默认情况下在httpd.conf中指定的站点是主站点，如果有多的站点需要用去单独指定。在有的情况下主站点的配置作废。下面这几个配置共同建立一套站点

• DocumentRoot “/var/www/html”
  这里配置该站点的主目录

• 下面这几个配置站点的访问权限

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted

---

单站点实际操作

第一个站点监听8888端口，将上面配置中改为Listen 8888。

然后新建conf.d/vhosts.conf文件，如下

	ServerName www.test.local
	ServerAlias test.local
	DocumentRoot /var/www/html/test/


	#Allowoverride authconfig
	Require all granted

当用户访问8888端口的时候，返回目录/var/www/html/test/下的内容。如果该目录下没有index.html文件就变成了文件服务器。

注意，这里的DocumentRoot只能是/var/www/html/或者其子目录。如果想将/var/www/html/目录外的目录做为根目录，例如/data/,可能会有权限问题，需要在/var/www/html/中用软链接来解决

ls -s /data data

修改完配置可以用apachectl configtest命令去检查配置是否正确

没有问题就重启httpd服务

systemctl restart httpd

这时访问8888端口就会看到类似下面的页面

多站点实际操作

如果还想在9999端口返回/var/www/html/test2/下的内容。

首先增加一个监听的端口

Listen 8888
Listen 9999

然后在刚才的vhosts.conf中增加一个VirtualHost，如下

	ServerName www.test.local
	ServerAlias test.local
	DocumentRoot /var/www/html/test/


	#Allowoverride authconfig
	Require all granted


        ServerName www.test.local
        ServerAlias test.local
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html/test2/


        #Allowoverride authconfig
        Require all granted

修改完配置记得重启httpd服务

systemctl restart httpd

再访问9999端口也成功了

报错详解

在访问站点时候出现500错误码，去/etc/httpd/logs/error_log中查看错误日志

[root@youzu logs]# tail -n 30 error_log
[Sun Mar 08 03:19:01 2020] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...
[Sun Mar 08 03:19:01 2020] [notice] Digest: done
[Sun Mar 08 03:19:01 2020] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Mar 08 18:36:02 2020] [error] [client 192.168.185.9] File does not exist: /var/www/html/favicon.ico, referer: http://10.18.97.106:8181/
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:00 2020] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:00 2020] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:00 2020] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:00 2020] [notice] Digest: done
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:00 2020] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:47 2020] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:48 2020] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:48 2020] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:48 2020] [notice] Digest: done
[Mon Mar 09 00:16:48 2020] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Mon Mar 09 00:17:21 2020] [crit] [client 192.168.185.7] configuration error:  couldn't perform authentication. AuthType not set!: /
[Mon Mar 09 00:17:21 2020] [crit] [client 192.168.185.7] configuration error:  couldn't perform authentication. AuthType not set!: /favicon.ico, referer: http://10.18.97.106:8182/
[Mon Mar 09 00:18:42 2020] [crit] [client 192.168.185.7] configuration error:  couldn't perform authentication. AuthType not set!: /
[Mon Mar 09 00:18:42 2020] [crit] [client 192.168.185.7] configuration error:  couldn't perform authentication. AuthType not set!: /favicon.ico, referer: http://10.18.97.106:8182/
[Mon Mar 09 00:18:43 2020] [crit] [client 192.168.185.7] configuration error:  couldn't perform authentication. AuthType not set!: /
[Mon Mar 09 00:18:43 2020] [crit] [client 192.168.185.7] configuration error:  couldn't perform authentication. AuthType not set!: /favicon.ico, referer: http://10.18.97.106:8182/

出现下面的错误

configuration error:  couldn't perform authentication. AuthType not set!:

查看vhosts.conf的配置，我在目录鉴权部分写的是

        #Allowoverride authconfig
        Require all granted

google了一下发现这个语法只在httpd版本2.4以后才支持，而我安装的版本如下

[root@testmachine conf.d]# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix)
Server built:   Jun 19 2018 15:45:13

将配置改为如下，成功解决问题

        #Allowoverride authconfig
        #Require all granted
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all