Docker中运行nginx并挂载本地目录到镜像中

1、查询nginx镜像选择拉取哪个镜像

[root@wby ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        11731               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1630                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   729                                     [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   70                                      
bitnami/nginx                     Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      69                                      [OK]
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp               Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   49                                      [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress               NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes         20                                      
nginxdemos/hello                  NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   18                                      [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager       Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        17                                      [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect          A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   17                                      [OK]
crunchgeek/nginx-pagespeed        Nginx with PageSpeed + GEO IP + VTS + more_s…   13                                      
blacklabelops/nginx               Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.          12                                      [OK]
centos/nginx-18-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   11                                      
centos/nginx-112-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   9                                       
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged       Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  8                                       
webdevops/nginx                   Nginx container                                 8                                       [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter   NGINX Prometheus Exporter                       5                                       
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter         Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a…   5                                       [OK]
1science/nginx                    Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp…   4                                       [OK]
mailu/nginx                       Mailu nginx frontend                            3                                       [OK]
pebbletech/nginx-proxy            nginx-proxy sets up a container running ngin…   2                                       [OK]
travix/nginx                      NGinx reverse proxy                             2                                       [OK]
wodby/nginx                       Generic nginx                                   0                                       [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb   An APB to deploy NGINX                          0                                       [OK]
centos/nginx-110-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building …   0                                       
[root@wby ~]# 

2、下载官方的nginx镜像

[root@wby ~ ]#docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
f7e2b70d04ae: Pull complete 
08dd01e3f3ac: Pull complete 
d9ef3a1eb792: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:98efe605f61725fd817ea69521b0eeb32bef007af0e3d0aeb6258c6e6fe7fc1a
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
[root@wby ~ ]#

3、查看本地镜像列表

[root@wby ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
                              24c9c444666b        27 hours ago        660MB
                              513e9ff8637a        27 hours ago        660MB
docker-demo           latest              cc4586fa82b4        27 hours ago        660MB
postgres              9.6                 ac400042d32f        5 days ago          230MB
nginx                 latest              98ebf73aba75        5 days ago          109MB
pgbi/kong-dashboard   latest              f9e2977207e3        4 months ago        96.4MB
kong                  0.13.1              e23f12af394a        4 months ago        91.7MB
java                  8                   d23bdf5b1b1b        2 years ago         643MB
[root@wby ~]# 

4、生成容器并运行容器

现在先不挂载本地目录到nginx镜像运行后的容器中，而是先简单运行nginx镜像
下面执行的命令 -p 8081:80 表示将宿主机的8081端口映射到nginx镜像运行后的80端口（nginx配置文件默认是80端口）
-d 表示以后台进程的方式启动。
–name 表示 容器的名称
docker ps 命令展示正在运行中的容器

[root@wby ~]# docker run -d --name mynginx -p 8081:80  nginx
af7636e620549e4a337f83a0393eff281037a0af4145dfe8ffb6e1433cfabb58
[root@wby ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
af7636e62054        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   20 seconds ago      Up 19 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@wby ~]#

5、访问nginx首页

6、想要挂载就需要知道挂载所需文件的位置，即进入到nginx容器内部进行查找

1）、进入到容器内部

docker exec -it container_name bash 

2)、查看容器的结构目录：其实每一个容器就相当于一个独立的系统。

[root@wby ~]# docker exec -it docker_nginx bash
root@097d59294211:/# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@097d59294211:/# 

3)、nginx的结构目录在容器中如下：

日志位置：/var/log/nginx/
配置文件位置：/etc/nginx/
项目位置：/usr/share/nginx/html

4)、在本地创建所需文件夹以及文件并添加内容

所需文件夹：

/home/wby/nginx/conf
/home/wby/nginx/conf.d
/home/wby/nginx/html
/home/wby/nginx/log

所需文件：
/home/wby/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

/home/wby/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
    #error_page  404              /404.html;
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

/home/wby/nginx/html/index.html

	
		
		
	
	
		
hello docker!
	

5)、关闭在运行的nginx容器并重新运行

关闭nginx容器:

[root@wby ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
af7636e62054        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours          0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@wby ~]# docker stop af7636e62054
[root@wby ~]# 

重新运行nginx容器:

docker run --name mynginx -d -p 8081:80 \
  -v /home/wenyugang/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx  \
  -v /home/wenyugang/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf  \
  -v /home/wenyugang/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
  -v /home/wenyugang/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
  nginx

6)、访问nginx首页

可以发现，nginx首页展示的内容已经被改变了，展示的就是前面在宿主机上创建的index.html内容。而且修改宿主机的index.html或者nginx.conf、default.conf,就相当于你直接修改docker中的nginx容器中的文件一样。
验证方法很简单，直接进入nginx容器中查看index.html的文件是否和宿主机的内容一样。

[root@wby ~]#  docker exec -it 28e29 bash
root@28e295bef826:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html


	
		
		
	
	
		
hello docker!
	

root@28e295bef826:/# 

参考文档
[1]https://blog.csdn.net/wuzhangweiss/article/details/88932691
[2]https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25406669/article/details/88339513