判断两个二叉树是否相等(仅结构) -- 递归和非递归实现

/*判断两个二叉树是否相等(仅结构,不包括数据)
经调试可运行源码及分析如下:
***/
#include 
#include 
#include 

using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
using std::queue;

/*二叉树结点定义*/
typedef struct BTreeNode
{
    char elem;
    struct BTreeNode *pleft;
    struct BTreeNode *pright;
}BTreeNode;

/*初始化二叉树节点*/
BTreeNode* btree_init(BTreeNode* &bt)
{
    bt = NULL;
    return bt;
}

/*先序创建二叉树*/
void pre_crt_tree(BTreeNode* &bt)
{
    char ch;
    cin >> ch;
    if (ch == '#')
    {
        bt = NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        bt = new BTreeNode;
        bt->elem = ch;
        pre_crt_tree(bt->pleft);
        pre_crt_tree(bt->pright);
    }
}

/*
递归方式:
如果两个二叉树proot都为空树,则自然相同,返回true;
如果两个二叉树proot一个为空树,另一个不为空树,则不相同,返回false;
如果两个二叉树都不为空树,则需要分别比较左右子树后,根据比较结果共同判定,只要有一个为false,则返回false。
*/
/*递归判断两个二叉树是否相等(仅仅结构)*/
bool bitree_compare(BTreeNode* proot1, BTreeNode* proot2)
{
    if (proot1 == NULL && proot2 == NULL)//都为空
        return true;

    if((proot1 != NULL && proot2 == NULL) ||
        (proot1 == NULL && proot2 != NULL))//一个空,一个非空
        return false;

    bool left_compare = bitree_compare(proot1->pleft, proot2->pleft);
    bool right_compare = bitree_compare(proot1->pright, proot2->pright);

    return (left_compare && right_compare);
}

/*
非递归方式 
借助队列实现
实现算法:
首先将给定根节点proot1和proot2都入队
第一步:当两个队列未空时,分别获取两个树的当前层次中节点总数(即当前队列中节点个数),
       先比较节点个数是否相同,如果不相同,则两个树自然不同;
       如果节点个数相同,需要出队进行比较。如果有一个队列未空,则退出比较。
第二步:如果有一个队列未空,则清空队列并返回不同。
*/
/*非递归方式判断两个二叉树是否相等(仅仅结构)*/
bool bitree_compare_leveltraverse(BTreeNode* proot1, BTreeNode* proot2)
{
    if (proot1 == NULL && proot2 == NULL)//都为空
        return true;

    queue  que1;
    queue  que2;
    que1.push(proot1);
    que2.push(proot2);

    int cur_level_nodes_num1 = 0;
    int cur_level_nodes_num2 = 0;
    bool flag = true;
    while (!que1.empty() && !que2.empty())
    {
        cur_level_nodes_num1 = que1.size();
        cur_level_nodes_num2 = que2.size();
        //节点数目不一样时flag设为false,退出循环
        if (cur_level_nodes_num1 != cur_level_nodes_num2)
        {
            flag = false;
            break;
        }

        int cur_level_node_count1 = 0;
        int cur_level_node_count2 = 0;
        while (cur_level_node_count1 < cur_level_nodes_num1 && 
                cur_level_node_count2 < cur_level_nodes_num2)
        {
            ++cur_level_node_count1;
            ++cur_level_node_count2;
            proot1 = que1.front();
            que1.pop();
            proot2 = que2.front();
            que2.pop();

            //判断左右孩子是否相同,不同肯定结构不相同,提前break
            if( proot1->pleft == NULL && proot2->pleft != NULL   ||
                proot1->pleft != NULL && proot2->pleft == NULL   ||
                proot1->pright == NULL && proot2->pright != NULL ||
                proot1->pright != NULL && proot2->pright == NULL
              )
            {
                flag = false;
                break;
            }
            /*下一层的节点入队*/
            if(proot1->pleft)
                que1.push(proot1->pleft);
            if(proot1->pright)
                que1.push(proot1->pright);
            if(proot2->pleft)
                que2.push(proot2->pleft);
            if(proot2->pright)
                que2.push(proot2->pright);
        }
        if(flag == false)
            break;
    }

    if(flag == false)
    {
        while(!que1.empty())
            que1.pop();
        while(!que2.empty())
            que2.pop();

        cout << "非递归:reslut is false." << endl;
        return false;
    }else
    {
        cout << "非递归:reslut is true." << endl;
        return true;
    }

    return true;
}

int main()
{
    BTreeNode *bt1;
    BTreeNode* bt2;
    bool flag;
    btree_init(bt1);//初始化根节点
    btree_init(bt2);//初始化根节点

    cout << "creat 1th tree:" << endl;
    pre_crt_tree(bt1);//创建二叉树
    cout << "creat 2th tree:" << endl;
    pre_crt_tree(bt2);//创建二叉树

    /*递归测试*/
    flag = bitree_compare(bt1, bt2);
    if(flag == true)
        cout<< "递归:result is true." << endl;
    else
        cout << "递归:result is false." << endl;

    /*非递归测试*/
    bitree_compare_leveltraverse(bt1, bt2);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}



/*
测试结果如下:
creat 1th tree:
a b c # # # d e # # f # g # #
creat 2th tree:
a b c # # # d e # # f # g # #
递归:result is true.
非递归:reslut is true.
请按任意键继续. . .

------------------分界线-----------------------
creat 1th tree:
a b c # # # d e # # f # g # #
creat 2th tree:
a b c # # # d e # # #
递归:result is false.
非递归:reslut is false.
请按任意键继续. . .

本例创建的二叉树形状:
a b c # # # d e # # f # g # # 如下:
        a
    b       d   
c         e   f
             g

a b c # # # d e # # #  如下:
        a
    b       d
c         e

参考资料:
http://blog.csdn.net/beitiandijun/article/details/41957181
http://yuncode.net/code/c_505ea04f8f6186
*/

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