spyder下使用matplotlib绘图中文显示不出来-解决过程记录

初学python，安装anaconda集成环境，使用matplotlib库绘图，标题和标签中文显示不出来，英文可以。

一、前后结果对比

import sys
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
years = [1960,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010]
gdp = [300.2,543.3,1075.9,2862.5,5979.6,10289.7,14958.3]
plt.plot(years,gdp,color='green',marker='o',linestyle='solid')
plt.title("名义GDP")
plt.ylabel("十亿美元")
plt.show()

报错如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 2898, in run_code
    self.showtraceback()

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 1824, in showtraceback
    value, tb, tb_offset=tb_offset)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\ultratb.py", line 1412, in structured_traceback
    self, etype, value, tb, tb_offset, number_of_lines_of_context)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\ultratb.py", line 1329, in structured_traceback
    self, etype, value, elist, tb_offset, number_of_lines_of_context

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\ultratb.py", line 644, in structured_traceback
    out_list.extend(self._format_list(elist))

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\ultratb.py", line 682, in _format_list
    item += '    %s\n' % line.strip()

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe4 in position 11: ordinal not in range(128)

更改两行代码，改变编码，就可以了。这是解决方法的出处：

http://www.cnblogs.com/bricker/p/4822276.html

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Wed Sep 13 21:03:24 2017


@author: Riddle
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["Microsoft YaHei"]
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
years = [1960,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010]
gdp = [300.2,543.3,1075.9,2862.5,5979.6,10289.7,14958.3]
plt.plot(years,gdp,color='green',marker='o',linestyle='solid')
plt.title(u'名义GDP')
plt.ylabel(u'十亿美元')
plt.show()

二、过程中遇到的其他问题
http://blog.csdn.net/qq_30490125/article/details/52201754

这篇文章的解决方法

import sys  
reload(sys)  
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')   

执行reload（sys）报错

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\formatters.py", line 672, in __call__
    printer.pretty(obj)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\lib\pretty.py", line 368, in pretty
    return self.type_pprinters[cls](obj, self, cycle)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\lib\pretty.py", line 609, in inner
    p.begin_group(step, start)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\lib\pretty.py", line 263, in begin_group
    self.text(open)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\lib\pretty.py", line 211, in text
    self.output.write(obj)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\lib\pretty.py", line 119, in write
    cast_unicode(text, encoding=get_stream_enc(sys.stdout)))

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\utils\py3compat.py", line 27, in cast_unicode
    return decode(s, encoding)

  File "d:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\IPython\utils\py3compat.py", line 18, in decode
    return s.decode(encoding, "replace")

LookupError: unknown encoding: cp0

不清楚reload方法为什么会报这个错。记录下。

三、继续是问题

http://www.cnblogs.com/buzhizhitong/p/5759304.html

这个文章中，手动指定字体的方法，但是试了没有用，不知道是什么原因。记录下。

四、总结

上述有提到，resin2.7默认使用的是ascii编码，其在字符串（字节/字符）的处理上，也与java不用。

具体的细节和原因，我并没有搞清楚，待学习。