MySQL AB提供了几种类型的程序：
MYSQL服务器和服务器启动脚本：
1: mysqld是MySQL服务器
2: mysqld_safe、mysql.server和mysqld_multi是服务器启动脚本
3: mysql_install_db初始化数据目录和初始数据库访问服务器的客户程序：
1: mysql是一个命令行客户程序，用于交互式或以批处理模式执行SQL语句。
2: mysqladmin是用于管理功能的客户程序。
3: mysqlcheck执行表维护操作。
4: mysqldump和mysqlhotcopy负责数据库备份。
5: mysqlimport导入数据文件。
6: mysqlshow显示信息数据库和表的相关信息。
- 独立于服务器操作的工具程序：
1: myisamchk执行表维护操作。
2: myisampack产生压缩、只读的表。
3: mysqlbinlog是处理二进制日志文件的实用工具。
4: perror显示错误代码的含义
调用MySQL程序
要想从命令行调用MySQL程序(即从shell或命令提示)，应输入程序名，并随后输入指导操作发的选项或其它参量。下面的命令显示了一些程序调用的例子。“shell>”表示命令解释符提示；并不是输入的部分。你所看见的具体提示取决于命令解释符。典型提示符：sh或bash为$，csh或tcsh为%，Windows command.com或cmd.exe为C:>。
- C:\Users\Administrator> mysql -h localhost -u root -p123456 test
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.49 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- C:\Users\Administrator> mysqladmin -h localhost -u root -p123456 extended-status variables
| long_query_time | 10.000000
|
| low_priority_updates | OFF
|
| lower_case_file_system | ON
|
| lower_case_table_names | 1
|
| max_allowed_packet | 1048576
|
| max_binlog_cache_size | 18446744073709547520
|
| max_binlog_size | 1073741824
|
| max_binlog_stmt_cache_size | 18446744073709547520
|
| max_connect_errors | 10
|
| max_connections | 100
|
| max_delayed_threads | 20
|
| max_error_count | 64
|
| max_heap_table_size | 16777216
|
| max_insert_delayed_threads | 20
|
| max_join_size | 18446744073709551615
|
| max_length_for_sort_data | 1024
|
| max_long_data_size | 1048576
|
| max_prepared_stmt_count | 16382
|
| max_relay_log_size | 0
|
| max_seeks_for_key | 4294967295
|
| max_sort_length | 1024
|
| max_sp_recursion_depth | 0
|
| max_tmp_tables | 32
|
| max_user_connections | 0
|
| max_write_lock_count | 4294967295
|
| metadata_locks_cache_size | 1024
|
| min_examined_row_limit | 0
|
| multi_range_count | 256
|
| myisam_data_pointer_size | 6
|
| myisam_max_sort_file_size | 107374182400
|
| myisam_mmap_size | 4294967295
|
| myisam_recover_options | OFF
|
| myisam_repair_threads | 1
|
| myisam_sort_buffer_size | 72351744
|
| myisam_stats_method | nulls_unequal
|
| myisam_use_mmap | OFF
|
| named_pipe | OFF
|
| net_buffer_length | 16384
|
| net_read_timeout | 30
|
| net_retry_count | 10
|
| net_write_timeout | 60
|
| new | OFF
|
| old | OFF
|
| old_alter_table | OFF
|
| old_passwords | OFF
|
| open_files_limit | 2670
|
| optimizer_prune_level | 1
|
| optimizer_search_depth | 62
|
| optimizer_switch | index_merge=on,index_merge
_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on,engine_condition
_pushdown=on |
| performance_schema | OFF
|
| performance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size | 10000
|
| performance_schema_events_waits_history_size | 10
|
| performance_schema_max_cond_classes | 80
|
| performance_schema_max_cond_instances | 1000
|
| performance_schema_max_file_classes | 50
|
| performance_schema_max_file_handles | 32768
|
| performance_schema_max_file_instances | 10000
|
| performance_schema_max_mutex_classes | 200
|
| performance_schema_max_mutex_instances | 1000000
|
| performance_schema_max_rwlock_classes | 30
|
| performance_schema_max_rwlock_instances | 1000000
|
| performance_schema_max_table_handles | 100000
|
| performance_schema_max_table_instances | 50000
|
| performance_schema_max_thread_classes | 50
|
| performance_schema_max_thread_instances | 1000
|
| pid_file | C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL
Server 5.5\Data\PC201510271.pid
|
| plugin_dir | C:\Program Files (x86)\MyS
QL\MySQL Server 5.5\lib\plugin\
|
| port | 3306
|
| preload_buffer_size | 32768
|
| profiling | OFF
|
| profiling_history_size | 15
|
| protocol_version | 10
|
| query_alloc_block_size | 8192
|
| query_cache_limit | 1048576
|
| query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096
|
| query_cache_size | 0
|
| query_cache_type | ON
|
| query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF
|
| query_prealloc_size | 8192
|
| range_alloc_block_size | 4096
|
| read_buffer_size | 65536
|
| read_only | OFF
|
| read_rnd_buffer_size | 262144
|
| relay_log |
|
| relay_log_index |
|
| relay_log_info_file | relay-log.info
|
| relay_log_purge | ON
|
| relay_log_recovery | OFF
|
| relay_log_space_limit | 0
|
| report_host |
|
| report_password |
|
| report_port | 3306
|
| report_user |
|
| rpl_recovery_rank | 0
|
| secure_auth | OFF
|
| secure_file_priv |
|
| server_id | 0
|
| shared_memory | OFF
|
| shared_memory_base_name | MYSQL
|
| skip_external_locking | ON
|
| skip_name_resolve | OFF
|
| skip_networking | OFF
|
| skip_show_database | OFF
|
| slave_compressed_protocol | OFF
|
| slave_exec_mode | STRICT
|
| slave_load_tmpdir | C:\Windows\TEMP
|
| slave_max_allowed_packet | 1073741824
|
| slave_net_timeout | 3600
|
| slave_skip_errors | OFF
|
| slave_transaction_retries | 10
|
| slave_type_conversions |
|
| slow_launch_time | 2
|
| slow_query_log | OFF
|
| slow_query_log_file | C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL
Server 5.5\Data\PC201510271-slow.log
|
| socket | MySQL
|
| sort_buffer_size | 262144
|
| sql_auto_is_null | OFF
|
| sql_big_selects | ON
|
| sql_big_tables | OFF
|
| sql_buffer_result | OFF
|
| sql_log_bin | ON
|
| sql_log_off | OFF
|
| sql_low_priority_updates | OFF
|
| sql_max_join_size | 18446744073709551615
|
| sql_mode | STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUT
O_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
|
| sql_notes | ON
|
| sql_quote_show_create | ON
|
| sql_safe_updates | OFF
|
| sql_select_limit | 18446744073709551615
|
| sql_slave_skip_counter | 0
|
| sql_warnings | OFF
|
| ssl_ca |
|
| ssl_capath |
|
| ssl_cert |
|
| ssl_cipher |
|
| ssl_key |
|
| storage_engine | InnoDB
|
| stored_program_cache | 256
|
| sync_binlog | 0
|
| sync_frm | ON
|
| sync_master_info | 0
|
| sync_relay_log | 0
|
| sync_relay_log_info | 0
|
| system_time_zone |
|
| table_definition_cache | 400
|
| table_open_cache | 256
|
| thread_cache_size | 8
|
| thread_concurrency | 10
|
| thread_handling | one-thread-per-connection
|
| thread_stack | 196608
|
| time_format | %H:%i:%s
|
| time_zone | SYSTEM
|
| timed_mutexes | OFF
|
| tmp_table_size | 36700160
|
| tmpdir | C:\Windows\TEMP
|
| transaction_alloc_block_size | 8192
|
| transaction_prealloc_size | 4096
|
| tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ
|
| unique_checks | ON
|
| updatable_views_with_limit | YES
|
| version | 5.5.49
|
| version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GP
L)
|
| version_compile_machine | x86
|
| version_compile_os | Win32
|
| wait_timeout | 28800
|
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------+
- C:\Users\Administrator> mysqlshow --help
mysqlshow Ver 9.10 Distrib 5.5.49, for Win32 (x86)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Shows the structure of a MySQL database (databases, tables, and columns).
Usage: mysqlshow [OPTIONS] [database [table [column]]]
If last argument contains a shell or SQL wildcard (*,?,% or _) then only
what's matched by the wildcard is shown.
If no database is given then all matching databases are shown.
If no table is given, then all matching tables in database are shown.
If no column is given, then all matching columns and column types in table
are shown.
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
C:\Windows\my.ini C:\Windows\my.cnf C:\my.ini C:\my.cnf C:\Program Files (x86)\M
ySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\my.ini C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\my.cn
f
The following groups are read: mysqlshow client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file.
--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
-c, --character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
--default-character-set=name
Set the default character set.
--count Show number of rows per table (may be slow for non-MyISAM
tables).
-C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol.
-#, --debug[=name] Output debug log. Often this is 'd:t:o,filename'.
--debug-check Check memory and open file usage at exit.
--debug-info Print some debug info at exit.
--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
--enable-cleartext-plugin
Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.
-?, --help Display this help and exit.
-h, --host=name Connect to host.
-i, --status Shows a lot of extra information about each table.
-k, --keys Show keys for table.
-p, --password[=name]
Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
not given, it's solicited on the tty.
--plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.
-P, --port=# Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/services, built-in default (3306).
-W, --pipe Use named pipes to connect to server.
--protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
--shared-memory-base-name=name
Base name of shared memory.
-t, --show-table-type
Show table type column.
-S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection.
--ssl Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with
other flags).
--ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
--ssl).
--ssl-capath=name CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).
--ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use (implies --ssl).
--ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-verify-server-cert
Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against
hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by
default.
--ssl-mode=name SSL connection mode.
-u, --user=name User for login if not current user.
-v, --verbose More verbose output; you can use this multiple times to
get even more verbose output.
-V, --version Output version information and exit.
Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
character-sets-dir (No default value)
default-character-set auto
count FALSE
compress FALSE
debug-check FALSE
debug-info FALSE
default-auth (No default value)
enable-cleartext-plugin FALSE
host (No default value)
status FALSE
keys FALSE
plugin-dir (No default value)
port 3306
shared-memory-base-name (No default value)
show-table-type FALSE
socket (No default value)
ssl FALSE
ssl-ca (No default value)
ssl-capath (No default value)
ssl-cert (No default value)
ssl-cipher (No default value)
ssl-key (No default value)
ssl-verify-server-cert FALSE
user (No default value)
- C:\Users\Administrator>mysqldump --user=root -p123456 personnel
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.49, for Win32 (x86)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: personnel
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.5.49
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0
*/;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
mysqldump: Got error: 1049: Unknown database 'personnel' when selecting the data
base
以破折号开始的参数为选项参量。它们通常指定程序与服务器的连接类型或影响其操作模式。
非选项参数(不以破折号开始的参量)可以为程序提供更详细的信息。例如，mysql程序将第一个非选项参量解释为数据库名，因此命令 mysql -h localhost -u root -p123456 test表示你想要使用test数据库。
部分选项对部分程序是通用的。最常用的是指定连接参数的-h、--u和-p选项。它们指示MySQL服务器运行的主机和MySQL账户的用户名和 密码。所有MySQL客户程序可以理解这些选项；它们允许你指定连接哪个服务器，以及在该服务器上使用的 账户。
你也许会发现需要使用MySQL程序安装的bin目录的路径名来调用MySQL程序。如果你试图不在bin目录下运行MySQL程序，可能会遇到“程序未找到”错误。为了更方便地使用MySQL，可以将bin目录的路径名添加到PATH环境变量中(详情请见安装MySQL教程中)。然后运行程序时只需要输入程序名，而不需要输入整个路径名。