程序员思维学英语语法---动词详解

程序员思维学英语语法

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单词-动词详解

1. 动词的定义

2. 动词的分类

2.1 实义动词（NotionalVerb）

2.2 连系动词（LinkingVerb）

2.3 情态助动词（ModalVerb）

2.4 基本助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）

2.4 非谓语动词（AuxiliaryVerb）

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单词-动词详解

本章主要目的：了解动词定义及分类

1. 动词的定义

动词：表示动作或状态的词汇。
动词有时态变化，这个单独章节讲解

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/5/29 22:25
 * @Description: 动词:表示动作或状态的词汇。
 */
public class Verb extends PartOfSpeech {

    @Override
    public String getAbbreviate() throws Exception {
        return "v.";
    }
}

2. 动词的分类

2.1 实义动词（NotionalVerb）

• 实义动词定义

有实际意思的词。可以完整的作谓语。

• 实义动词分类

实义动词分及物动词（TransitiveVerb）和不及物动词（IntransitiveVerb）

I love you.，love是及物动词

My watch stopped.（我的表停了），stop是不及物动词

• 实义动词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/5/29 22:25
 * @Description: 实义动词:有实际意思的词。可以完整的作谓语。
 */
public class NotionalVerb extends Verb {
}



/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2020/2/18 17:52
 * @Description: 及物动词：后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词
 */
public class TransitiveVerb extends NotionalVerb {

    @Override
    public String getAbbreviate() throws Exception {
        return "vt.";
    }
}



/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2020/2/18 17:54
 * @Description: 不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词
 */
public class IntransitiveVerb extends NotionalVerb {

    @Override
    public String getAbbreviate() throws Exception {
        return "vi.";
    }
}

 

2.2 连系动词（LinkingVerb）

• 连系动词定义

辅助主语的词，本身有词义，后面跟表语构成主系表结构，表示主语的身份、类别、特征、状态等。

• 连系动词分类

1. be动词，表示主语的状态（be）
2. 感官动词，表对主语的的感觉（feel、look、sound、taste、smell、seem、appear）
3. 表主语由一种状态变为另一种状态（become、grow、get、turn、fall、go、come）
4. 表主语保持某种状态（continue、remain、stay、

• 连系动词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/19 20:11
 * @Description: 连系动词:辅助主语的词，本身有词义，后面跟表语构成主系表结构，表示主语的身份、类别、特征、状态等。
 */
public class LinkingVerb {


    //be动词，表示主语状态
    public static String BE = "be";

    //感官动词，表对主语的感觉
    public static String FEEL = "feel";
    public static String LOOK = "look";
    public static String SOUND = "sound";
    public static String TASTE = "taste";
    public static String SMELL = "smell";
    public static String SEEM = "seem";
    public static String APPEAR = "appear";

    //表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态
    public static String BECOME = "become";
    public static String GROW = "grow";
    public static String GET = "get";
    public static String TURN = "turn";
    public static String FALL = "fall";
    public static String GO = "go";
    public static String COME = "come";

    //表示主语保持某种状态
    public static String CONTINUE = "continue";
    public static String REMAIN = "remain";
    public static String STAY = "stay";
    public static String KEEP = "keep";
    public static String HOLD = "hold";
    public static String REST = "rest";
    public static String PROVE = "prove";

    //半系动词（近似于不及物动词的系动词）
    public static String SIT = "sit";
    public static String ACT = "act";
    public static String ARRIVE = "arrive";
    public static String BLUSH = "blush";
    public static String MARRY = "marry";
    public static String DIE = "die";
    public static String BE_BORN = "be born";
}

2.3 情态助动词（ModalVerb）

• 情态助动词定义

主要用来表达看法或意见，提出建议或表现说话者的态度，礼貌等。不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语

• 情态助动词分类

情态动词
意义	现在式	过去式	短语
能	can	could	be able to
可能	may	might	be allowed to
必须	must		have (got) to
应该	shall	should	be supposed to/ought to
将会	will	would	be going to
必需	need
敢于	dare
最好			had better

 

you must drink some milk.（你必须多喝牛奶）

you may drink some milk.（你可以喝点牛奶）

• 情态助动词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/5/29 22:25
 * @Description: 情态助动词:主要用来表达看法或意见，提出建议或表现说话者的态度，礼貌等。不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语
 */
public class ModalVerb extends Verb {
    //能
    public static String CAN = "can";
    public static String COULD = "could";
    public static String BE_ABLE_TO = "be able to";

    //可能
    public static String MAY = "may";
    public static String MIGHT = "might";
    public static String BE_ALLOWED_TO = "be allowed to";

    //应该
    public static String SHALL = "shall";
    public static String SHOULD = "should";
    public static String BE_SUPPOSED_TO = "be supposed to";
    public static String OUGHT_TO = "ought to";

    //将会
    public static String WILL = "will";
    public static String WOULD = "would";
    public static String BE_GOING_TO = "be going to";

    //必须
    public static String MUST = "must";
    public static String HAVE_TO = "have to";
    public static String HAVE_GOT_TO = "have got to";

    //必需
    public static String NEED = "need";

    //敢于
    public static String DARE = "dare";

    //最好
    public static String HAD_BETTER = "had better";
}

2.4 基本助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）

• 基本助动词定义

没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等

• 基本助动词分类

1. be
2. do
3. have

He is giving a lecture.（他在作报告）

He doesn't smoke.（他不抽烟）

He has made a plan.（他已经订了计划）

• 基本助动词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/5/29 22:25
 * @Description: 基本助动词:没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等
 */
public class AuxiliaryVerb extends Verb {
    public static String DO = "do";
    public static String BE = "be";
    public static String HAVE = "have";
}

2.4 非谓语动词（AuxiliaryVerb）

• 非谓语动词定义

指在句子中不是谓语的动词，除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分

• 非谓语动词分类

1. 不定式
2. 动名词
3. 分词

He has a lot of meeting to attend.（他有很多会议要去参加）

Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.（正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲）

具体详解请看不定式详解、动名词详解、分词详解