来源 http://www.apolloarchive.com/apollo_archive.html
小游戏http://www.apolloarchive.com/lander.html
最全的阿波罗档案网，还可以购买CD-ROM和DVD www.apolloarchive.com
"Contact Light"
"Contact Light" is a nostalgic and personal look back at man's first voyages to the Moon, not from the perspective of a participant, nor from that of a historian, but instead from my own perspective as a young teenager at the time of Apollo, and an avid follower of the space program. Featured here are many "artifacts" and souvenirs from the period, as well as many rare, high-quality NASA images and video clips from the historic Apollo missions.
"Contact Light"是怀旧和个人回顾人类第一次登月，不是从参与者的角度，也不是从历史学家的角度来看，而是从我自己的观点看，作为阿波罗时代的青少年，和空间计划的狂热追随者。 这里有许多“文物”和纪念品，以及来自历史悠久的阿波罗任务的许多罕见的，高质量的NASA图像和视频剪辑。
I consider myself lucky to have grown up in the 1960's. What better perspective to have had than that of a twelve-year-old, old enough to be awestruck by the distant views of Earth beamed down from the capsule of Apollo 8 on Christmas Eve of 1968, but too young to fully comprehend or overly concern myself with the violence and unrest that concurrently plagued a troubled America.
我认为自己很幸运能够在1960年代长大。 在1968年圣诞节前夕，从阿波罗8号的太空舱中向远处观看地球的遥远景色，对于一个十二岁大的人来说，有什么更好的观点可以让人震惊，但是我自己太年轻，无法完全理解或过度关注同时困扰着陷入困境的美国的暴力和动乱。
The era of the "space race" was an exciting period in which to live, and even as a child, one could not help but be aware of the fierce competition that was underway with the Russians, who had taken an early lead by placing the first human (Yuri Gagarin) in Earth orbit. Accompanying the early days of the space-frenzy from a young boy's perspective were toy rockets and models, lunchboxes featuring the space-art of Chesley Bonestell, space-oriented comics, Weekly Reader articles, and television fare such as "Fireball XL-5."
“太空竞赛”的时代是一个令人兴奋的时期，即使是小时候， 人们忍不住意识到正在与俄罗斯人展开激烈的竞争，俄罗斯人通过将第一个人（尤里·加加林）置于地球轨道上而早期领先。 从小男孩的角度来看，早期的太空狂热是玩具火箭和模型，午餐盒以Chesley Bonestell的太空艺术，空间漫画，周刊读者文章和电视票价如“Fireball XL-5”为特色。 “
The President's Challenge
I was only age five at the time of John Glenn's "Friendship 7" flight and I have only a vague recollection of the televised ticker-tape parades that followed it. However, I do remember the assassination of President Kennedy a year and half later, particularly the somber mood at my family's dinner table that evening, and the restless, riderless horse from the televised funeral coverage a few days later. It was President Kennedy who had committed America to Moon, when on May 25, 1961, only twenty days following the flight of America's first man into space (Alan Shepard), he said:
"I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important in the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish."
在[约翰格伦的“友谊7”]航班时我只有五岁，而且我对电视后的自动收录机游行只有一个模糊的回忆。 但是，我确实记得肯尼迪总统一年半后被暗杀，特别是那天晚上我家的餐桌上的忧郁情绪，以及几天后电视葬礼报道中不安分，无人驾驶的马。 1961年5月25日，在美国第一个人逃往太空（Alan Shepard）后仅仅二十天，肯尼迪总统将美国送到了月球，他说：
“我相信这个国家应该致力于在这个十年结束之前实现这个目标，让一个人登上月球并将他安全地送回地球。在这个时期，没有任何一个太空项目对人类更令人印象深刻，或者更重要在远程空间探索中，没有一个能够实现这样的困难或昂贵。“
Project Apollo
Project Mercury concluded in 1963 after six successful Earth-orbital and sub-orbital flights, and Project Gemini continued paving the way to the Moon in March of 1965. While I followed the Gemini flights with enthusiasm, I was more intrigued by the planned Apollo missions. In 1964, I had obtained a set of 21 "Viewmaster" images depicting NASA's Project Apollo. The stereo photographs portrayed an amazing voyage to the moon, beginning with a launch of a multi-stage Saturn rocket, and culminating with "Doug" and "Eric"'s descent to the lunar surface in a vehicle described as the "bug." In the visual story, the two astronauts soon discovered water on the moon in addition to "fluorescent" moon rocks! In the concluding scene, the astronauts are depicted presenting the president with lunar samples. Also, one of the books I ordered in 1965 from the yearly Scholastic Book Services selections was "Project Apollo," a thin children's paperback that described and illustrated the planned moon missions, including the mammoth Saturn rocket and the spindly and curious "Lunar Excursion
阿波罗计划
水星计划于1963年在六次成功的地球 - 轨道和亚轨道飞行后结束，而双子座计划于1965年3月继续铺设通往月球的道路。当我热情地跟踪双子座飞行时，我对计划中的阿波罗任务更感兴趣。 1964年，我获得了一套21“Viewmaster” 图片描绘了美国宇航局的阿波罗计划。 立体照片描绘了一次惊人的登月之旅，从多级土星火箭的发射开始，最终以“道格”和“埃里克”的方式在月球表面下降，描述为“虫子”。 在视觉故事中，除了“荧光”月亮岩石之外，两名宇航员很快就在月球上发现了水！ 在最后的场景中，宇航员被描绘为向总统提供月球样本。 此外，我在1965年从一年一度的Scholastic Book Services选择中订购的书籍之一是“Apollo项目”，这是一本薄薄的儿童平装书，描述和说明了计划中的月球任务，包括巨大的土星火箭和细长而好奇的“月球游览模块” “。
The Apollo project was dealt a major setback in early 1967 with the tragic Apollo 1 fire and death of its crewmen during training, and it wasn't until October of 1968 (23 months after the final Gemini flight) that manned missions resumed with the launch of earth orbital mission Apollo 7. In the meantime, I and several other friends had developed a strong Apollo 4 launch as seen in Star Trek's 'Assignment: Earth' interest in a new NBC television program: Star Trek. This mix of interests in NASA and Star Trek was natural for me, and the two converged when, at the end of the Star Trek's second season, a time-travel episode was centered on Cape Kennedy and a Saturn V launch (and included footage of the launch of the first Saturn V in the unmanned Apollo 4 mission)
阿波罗计划在1967年初受到重大挫折，其中阿波罗1号在训练期间发生了火灾和船员死亡事件，并且直到1968年10月（双子座最后一次飞行后23个月），载人飞行任务才恢复地球轨道任务Apollo 7.与此同时，我和其他几个朋友已经发展壮大 “星际迷航”的“作业：地球”中的阿波罗4号发布 对新的NBC电视节目感兴趣：星际迷航。 美国航空航天局和星际迷航中的这种利益混合对我来说很自然，当星际迷航的第二季结束时，时间旅行的一集以肯尼迪角和土星五号的发射为中心（并包括在无人驾驶的阿波罗4号任务中发射第一个土星五号）
To The Moon
Apollo 8 Newsweek Cover - January 6, 1969 issue In December of 1968, Apollo 8 circumnavigated the Moon, bringing the Moon's far side into direct human view for the first time. This voyage also marked the farthest distance ever travelled from the Earth as well as the first occasion on which humans had entered the gravitational sphere of another planetary body. A few months later, Apollo 9 tested the Lunar Module in Earth orbit, and in May of 1969, Apollo 10 conducted a dress rehearsal for a lunar landing, descending in a Lunar Module to within ten miles of the Moon's surface.
到月球
阿波罗8号新闻周刊封面 - 1969年1月6日刊 1968年12月，阿波罗8号航行环绕月球，首次将月球的远侧视为直接的人类视野。 这次航行还标志着有史以来最远的地球距离以及人类进入另一个行星体引力球的第一次。 几个月后，阿波罗9号测试了地球轨道上的月球模块，并于1969年5月，阿波罗10号进行了月球着陆的彩排，在月球模块下降到月球表面十英里以内。
The Day They Landed
Liftoff of Apollo 11, July 16, 1969 On the morning of July 16, 1969, I overslept, missing the beginning of the most significant space mission ever undertaken. At 9:32 a.m. that morning, Apollo 11 lifted off for the Moon. Four days later, I found myself with my mother and father vacationing in Virginia Beach, Virginia, dining at the Black Angus Steak House and suffering the embarrassment of waitresses singing me Happy Birthday and delivering to me a cupcake with a sparkler aflame (I had to pick the cinders out of the icing). Just an hour or so prior, we had witnessed Walter Cronkite rendered speechless following the descent and touchdown of Apollo 11's "Eagle" on the moon, an event that was absolutely the most thrilling thing I had ever seen (well, heard) on television. In just a few hours, however, that thrill was to be Neil Armstrong on the Moon - July 20, 1969 topped. At 10:56 PM, as we watched from our hotel room on the Atlantic Ocean, Neil Armstrong descended the ladder on the front landing leg of the lunar module and stepped off of the leg's landing pad onto the Sea of Tranquility. Over the next two hours, we watched the ghostly black & white images as Armstrong and Aldrin 16mm film frame of Armstrong and Aldrin erecting flag hopped about on the moon, unveiled and read the commemorative plaque on the LM's front landing leg, collected rock and soil samples, planted and saluted the flag, spoke with President Nixon and finally ascended the ladder. My dad had fallen asleep before the moonwalk ended, but I had remained transfixed. At about 1 a.m., I switched off the TV. July 20, 1969 had come to an end, and along with it had also ended my first day as a teenager.
他们降落的那一天
阿波罗11号升空，1969年7月16日 1969年7月16日早晨，我睡过头，错过了有史以来最重要的太空任务的开始。 那天早上9点32分，阿波罗11号升空了月球。 四天后，我发现自己和我的母亲和父亲一起在弗吉尼亚州的弗吉尼亚海滩度假，在黑安格斯牛排馆用餐，并且让女服务员唱着我生日快乐的尴尬，给我送来一杯闪闪发光的火焰蛋糕（我不得不从结冰中挑出煤渣）。 仅仅一个小时左右，我们见证了沃尔特·克朗凯特在月球上阿波罗11号“鹰”的下降和着陆后无言以对，这一事件绝对是我在电视上见过的最好的事情（听得见）。 然而，在短短几个小时内，就会有这种刺激 尼尔阿姆斯特朗在月球上 - 1969年7月20日 高居榜首。 下午10:56，当我们从大西洋上的酒店房间观看时， 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗从梯子上下降到月球模块的前降落腿上，从腿的着陆垫上走到宁静之海。 在接下来的两个小时里，我们看到了像阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林那样幽灵般的黑白图像 阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林架设旗帜的16毫米胶卷画面 在月球上跳来跳去，揭开并阅读LM前登陆腿上的纪念牌匾 ，收集岩石和土壤样本，种下并向国旗致敬，与尼克松总统交谈，最后登上了阶梯。 我的爸爸在月球漫步结束之前已经睡着了，但我仍然呆若木鸡。 凌晨1点左右，我关掉了电视。 1969年7月20日已经结束，与此同时也结束了我十几岁的第一天。
A few weeks after Apollo 11 returned to Earth, readers of Life magazine were stunned by the clarity of the first published photographs from the Moon. In stark constrast to the fuzzy black & white video broadcast during the moonwalk, the astronauts' photographs revealed the "magnificent desolation" that astronaut Buzz Aldrin had described when he stepped onto the surface.
阿波罗11号返回地球几周后，“生活”杂志的读者对月亮首次出版的照片的清晰度感到震惊。 与月球漫步期间模糊的黑白视频广播形成鲜明对比的是，宇航员的照片显示了宇航员巴兹奥尔德林走上水面时所描述的“壮丽的荒凉”。
Modeling Apollo
For those interested in modeling the various Apollo spacecraft, there were plenty of options. Revell manufactured a 1/96th-scale model of the entire Apollo/Saturn V spacecraft, complete with a lunar module tucked away in the adapter stage. Revell also manufactured a larger (1/48th) scale model of adapter stage (including a lunar module), the command and service modules and the escape tower. For those who fancied real, working model rockets, the Centuri company manufactured a 1/100th-scale Saturn V rocket.
阿波罗模型
对于那些对各种阿波罗号太空船建模感兴趣的人来说，有很多选择。 Revell制造了整个阿波罗/土星五号航天器的1/96比例模型，并在适配器阶段隐藏了一个月球模块。 Revell还制造了更大的（1/48）比例级适配器级（包括月球模块），命令和服务模块以及逃生塔。 对于那些喜欢真实的工作模型火箭的人来说，Centuri公司生产了1/100比例的土星V火箭。
Repeat Performance
In November of 1969, Apollo 12 returned America to the moon, despite an inauspicious liftoff during which the spacecraft was twice struck by lightning. Soon, however, the world was watching with excitement once again as live TV transmissions commenced from the moon, this time in color! That excitement quickly turned to disappointment, however, as while moving the camera, one of Apollo 12's astronauts accidentally pointed the TV camera into the sun, burning out the pickup tube. Viewers could only listen in as astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean collected samples, conducted experiments and visited the nearby Surveyor 3 spacecraft which had landed several years earlier. Surveyor's camera was returned to Earth by the crew, and is now on display in the National Air & Space Museum. In future years, Alan Bean would more than compensate for his earlier mistake in ruining the Apollo 12's TV camera, with his remarkable paintings of Apollo astronauts exploring and working on the moon. In November of 1998, a hardbound collection of Bean's Apollo artwork was published in the book "Apollo: An Eyewitness Account..." (click HERE to visit the Amazon.com "at a glance" page for this title)
重复表演
1969年11月，阿波罗12号将美国送回月球，尽管有一次不祥的升空，在此期间，宇宙飞船两次遭雷击。 然而，不久，世界兴奋地观看了一次 再次，因为直播电视从月球开始，这次是彩色的！ 然而，这种兴奋很快就变成了失望，因为在移动相机时，阿波罗12号宇航员中的一个不小心将电视摄像机指向太阳，烧坏了拾音管。 观众只能在宇航员Pete Conrad和Alan Bean收集样本，进行实验并参观附近几年前降落的Surveyor 3太空船时收听。 验船师的相机由机组人员返回地球，现在在国家航空航天博物馆展出。 在未来的几年里， 艾伦·比恩不仅可以弥补他之前破坏阿波罗12号电视摄像机的错误，还有他出色的阿波罗宇航员在月球上探索和工作的画作。 1998年11月，Bean的阿波罗艺术作品的精彩集合发表在“阿波罗：一个目击者帐户......”一书中（点击这里访问亚马逊网站“一目了然”这个标题的页面）
A Close Call
In the Spring of 1970, just when it appeared that NASA had things down pat, disaster struck when one of Apollo 13's oxygen tanks exploded en route to the moon, crippling the primary spacecraft and forcing all three astronauts to seek refuge in the lunar module, which served as a lifeboat for the remainder of the mission. As chronicled in Ron Howard's superb film "Apollo 13," a nation was held in suspense for several days as mission controllers and the imperiled astronauts sought to conserve the remaining oxygen and return safely to Earth. I recall our Junior High English class hurrying across the hall on that April day to a science classroom to watch the televised reentry, and I will never forget the cheer that went up in that classroom when the command module's parachutes were first spotted.
近距离通话
在1970年春天，当美国国家航空航天局（NASA）出现故障时，当阿波罗13号氧气罐中的一个氧气罐在飞向月球时爆炸，造成主要航天器瘫痪并迫使所有三名宇航员在月球模块中寻求避难时，灾难来袭，作为任务剩余部分的救生艇。 正如罗恩·霍华德（Ron Howard）精湛的电影“阿波罗13号”（Apollo 13）所记载的那样，一个国家陷入了悬念 Apollo 13命令模块的电视视图在主电源上下降 几天任务控制员和危险的宇航员试图保存剩余的氧气并安全返回地球。 我记得4月那天我们的高中英语课匆匆穿过大厅去科学教室观看电视转播，我永远不会忘记在第一次发现命令模块的降落伞时教室里的欢呼声。
The Cape
In June of 1970, during the lull that followed the near-catastrophe of Apollo 13, my family vacationed in Florida on a trip that included a stop at Kennedy Space Center. The standard tour took us to the former Mercury and Gemini Launch facilities on Cape Canaveral (at the time renamed Cape Kennedy) as well as to the site of the tragic Apollo 1 fire just three years prior. The highlight of the tour was a visit to Apollo/Saturn Launch Complex 39A and 39B and to the massive Vehicle Assembly Building, a building so large that clouds occasionally formed inside and drenched workers with brief downpours. Just outside the VAB were parked two of the massive crawler vehicles used to transport assembled Apollo/Saturn vehicles down the three mile crawlerway to one of the two launchpads (Apollo 10 was the only mission to utilize pad 39-B). The KSC gift shop was stocked with standard tourist trinkets of course, but amidst the post cards, models, bumper stickers and key chains was a book that became for me an invaluable reference source on NASA's launch facilities and early Apollo/Saturn missions... Moonport U.S.A. (not to be confused with the later "Moonport" title in the NASA History Series).
开普敦
1970年6月，在阿波罗13号的近乎灾难之后的平静期间，我的家人在佛罗里达度假，包括在肯尼迪航天中心停留。 标准之旅将我们带到了前Mercury和Gemini发射设施 1970年6月在开普敦的基普 卡纳维拉尔角（当时更名为肯尼迪角）以及仅仅三年之前的悲惨的阿波罗1号火灾现场。 参观的重点是参观阿波罗/土星发射中心39A和39B以及大型车辆装配大楼， 大量的云层偶尔形成于内部，湿透的工人则会有短暂的倾盆大雨。 在VAB外面停放了两辆巨大的履带式车辆，用于将装配好的阿波罗/土星车辆沿着三英里的履带板运送到两个发射台中的一个（Apollo 10是唯一使用垫39-B的任务）。 当然，KSC礼品店里摆放着标准的旅游小饰品，但在明信片，模型，保险杠贴纸和钥匙链中，这本书对我来说是NASA发射设施和早期阿波罗/土星任务的宝贵参考资料...... Moonport USA （不要与NASA历史系列中后来的“Moonport”头衔相混淆）。
"It's Been A Long Way..."
In January of 1971, the Apollo program got back on its feet with the successful moon landing of Apollo 14, commanded by Alan Shepard, America's first man in space (Mercury Redstone 3). One of the most memorable moments during the Apollo 14 moonwalk was a lighthearted one in which Shepard whacked a golf ball for "miles and miles" on the moon's surface.
“这是漫长的道路......”
阿波罗14号 - 艾伦·谢泼德在月球上 1971年7月国家地理 - 阿波罗14号封面 1971年1月，阿波罗计划重新站稳脚跟，阿波罗14号登月成功，由美国第一个太空人员艾尔·谢泼德（Mercury Redstone 3）指挥。 在阿波罗14号月球漫步中最令人难忘的时刻之一就是一个轻松愉快的时刻，Shepard在月球表面撞上了一英里数英里的高尔夫球。
"Man Must Explore"
The summer of 1971 found my family back at Cape Kennedy, but this time our vacation was timed to coincide with a moon launch. On the morning of July 26, 1971, we stood along a crowded causeway several miles from Pad 39A awaiting the liftoff. A cousin operated our Super 8 movie camera while I watched through binoculars. When the Saturn V's engines ignited, a cloud of smoke billowed outward immediately and obscured our view, but in a few seconds, the rocket emerged from the exhaust cloud atop a brilliant flame. It was just about then that the initial shockwave from the thundering F-1 engines reached us...an incredible rumble that lasted for several minutes as the rocket slowly rose and arced in a southeasterly direction out over the Atlantic Ocean. Visibility was excellent that day, and we were able to follow the rocket for several minutes, even up to the point of booster stage separation (which was accompanied by a sudden flaring of exhaust around the vehicle). Apollo 15 was on its way to the moon, carrying with it a new vehicle...the Lunar Rover.
The day prior to the launch of Apollo 15, we had toured the Kennedy Space Center once again, and had viewed the launch vehicle from close proximity (as close as visitors were allowed, that is...see the movie clip below). At one point during the tourbus ride, we had caught sight of a trio of Corvettes, one red, one blue and one yellow, parked outside the small beachhouse retreat for the crewmen.
In a few days, our vacation took us to Florida's west coast and Sanibel Island, and I found myself facing a serious dilemna. There was sunshine, sand and the ocean just outside our beachfront cottage, but at the same time, two of Apollo 15's astronauts were not just walking, but also driving around on the moon! Actually for me, the choice was quite simple, and despite my father's displeasure, I watched every minute of TV coverage of the moonwalk. I didn't mind. After all, there was no such thing as a home VCR back then, and I wasn't about to miss history in the making.
“人类必须探索”
1971年7月26日阿波罗15号发射升空 1971年夏天，我的家人回到肯尼迪角，但这次我们的假期恰好与月球发射时间相吻合。 1971年7月26日早晨，我们站在距离39A号几英里的拥挤堤道上，等待升空。 当我通过双筒望远镜观看时，表弟操作了我们的Super 8电影摄影机。 当土星V的发动机点燃时，一团烟雾立即向外喷出，遮挡了我们的视线，但在几秒钟内，火箭从辉煌的火焰顶上的排气云中出现。 就在那时，来自雷鸣般的F-1发动机的最初冲击波到达了我们......一个令人难以置信的隆隆声持续了几分钟，因为火箭缓缓上升并沿着东南方向飞越大西洋。 那天的能见度非常好，我们能够跟随火箭几分钟，甚至达到助推器阶段分离的程度（伴随着车辆周围的废气突然燃烧）。 阿波罗15号正在驶向月球，载着一辆新车...... 月球车 。
在阿波罗15号发射前一天，我们再次参观了肯尼迪航天中心，并且近距离观察了运载火箭（尽可能接近游客，这就是......见下面的电影剪辑）。 在乘坐旅游巴士的过程中，我们看到了三个Corvettes，一个红色，一个蓝色和一个黄色，停在小型海滨别墅后面，供船员使用。
阿波罗15直播电视帧几天后，我们的假期带我们去了佛罗里达州的西海岸和萨尼贝尔岛，我发现自己面临着严重的困境。 我们的海滨小屋外面有阳光，沙滩和海洋，但与此同时，阿波罗15号的两名宇航员是 阿波罗15直播电视帧 不只是走路，还要在月球上开车！ 实际上对我来说，选择很简单，尽管我父亲不满，我还是观看了月球漫步电视报道的每一分钟。 我不介意。 毕竟，当时没有像家用录像机这样的东西，我不会错过正在制作的历史。
Prime-Time Apollo
The quality of color television images from the Moon had improved dramatically with Apollo 15, and would continue to improve with each remaining mission. Despite this, and despite extended prime-time coverage given to the Apollo 16 mission, the general television audience had become bored with the moonwalks, and many began to consider them routine and tedious. This turn of events was predictable, yet sadly ironic, in that it was with Apollo 15 that exploration of the Moon had truly begun, with challenging and geologically significant landing sites, and multiple and extended EVAs utilizing the Lunar Roving Vehicle to traverse far greater distances than with previous missions (the total traversal for the first three lunar landings was a meager 5.5 kilometers - Apollo 15's alone was 28 km., and missions 15, 16 and 17 racked up a whopping 90 km. of total lunar traversal!).
Apollo 16 continued the lunar "J" mission series in April of 1972, landing in the Moon's Descartes region. The J-Missions (Apollo 15, 16 and 17) differed from the previous Apollo flights in that, in addition to carrying a LRV, they each used more advanced versions of the Apollo Lunar Module and Command and Service Modules. Also, on each of these missions, while the Commander and Lunar Module Pilot explored the moon's surface, the Command Module Pilot was busy in orbit using the spacecraft's SIM (Scientific Instrument Module) to photographically map the Moon and to perform a variety of sensing experiments.
黄金时段阿波罗
1972年4月15日至21日电视指南以阿波罗16号船员为特色 随着阿波罗15号，来自月球的彩色电视图像的质量得到了显着提升，并且随着每项剩余的任务将继续改善。 尽管如此，尽管延长了对阿波罗16号任务的黄金时段的覆盖率，但普通电视观众对月球漫步感到厌倦，许多人开始认为它们是常规和乏味的。 这一转变是可以预测的， 阿波罗15号宇航员詹姆斯·欧文和月球车 但具有讽刺意味的是，正是在阿波罗15号中，对月球的探索才真正开始，具有挑战性和地质意义重要的着陆点，以及利用月球车的多个和扩展的EVA穿越距离比以前的任务更远的距离（ 总数）前三次登月的行程仅为5.5公里 - 仅阿波罗15号就行驶了28公里，而15,16和17号任务的飞行总长度超过了90公里！）。
阿波罗16号宇航员查尔斯·男·杜克在梅花火山口 阿波罗16号在1972年4月延续了月球“J”任务系列，登陆月球笛卡尔地区。 J-Mission（阿波罗15,16和17）不同 LM上升阶段点火电视框架 从之前的阿波罗航班中，除了携带LRV外，他们还使用了更多高级版本的Apollo Lunar模块和命令与服务模块。 此外，在这些任务中，当指挥官和月球模块飞行员探测月球表面时，指挥舱飞行员正在使用航天器的SIM（科学仪器模块）在轨道上忙着拍摄月球并执行各种传感实验。
Contact Light
In the Fall of 1972, with the final Apollo mission only a couple of months away, I had suddenly found a new obsession, and one that would eventually determine my choice of a career. It began as a Junior in high school when a fellow classmate showed me a roll of paper containing a series of somewhat-perplexing typewritten sentences, words and symbols. I quickly learned that this was the log of an interactive session between a teletype machine in the school's Physics office and a remote computer elsewhere in town.
It was Apollo itself that had introduced me to the concept of computer programming, specifically by way of the detailed descriptions of the onboard computer systems provided by John Noble Wilford in his book "We Reach The Moon." I found Apollo's "DSKY" (Display Keyboard) interface, and its simple but powerful NOUN/VERB, data/action command and programming system detailed in the book particularly fascinating. So, it was only natural that I took quickly to the Honeywell "time-sharing" system to which I discovered I had access through my high school's klunky and noisy teletype. Not only was I able to play and work with an honest-to-God computer, but among its many programs was a text-based lunar landing simulator!
[图片上传中...(image.png-6db4ec-1550221192871-0)]
联系Light
在1972年秋天，最后的阿波罗任务只有几个月之后，我突然发现了一种新的迷恋，最终决定了我对事业的选择。 当一位同学向我展示一卷包含一系列有些令人困惑的打字句子，文字和符号的纸张时，它起初是一名初中生。 我很快就知道这是学校物理办公室的电传打字机和镇上其他地方的远程计算机之间的交互式会话记录。
正是Apollo本身向我介绍了计算机编程的概念，特别是通过John Noble Wilford在其着作“We Reach The Moon”中提供的板载计算机系统的详细描述。 我找到了Apollo的“DSKY” （显示键盘）界面，以及它 简单但功能强大的NOUN / VERB，书中详述的数据/动作命令和编程系统特别引人入胜。 因此，我很快就采用霍尼韦尔的“分时”系统，我发现通过我的高中笨拙和嘈杂的电传打字机可以访问该系统。 我不仅可以玩一台诚实的上帝计算机，而且它的众多程序中还有一个基于文本的月球着陆模拟器！
The Grand Finale
With December of 1972 arrived the end of the manned lunar expeditions as Apollo 17 journeyed to the Moon's Taurus-Littrow region. The final mission, which commenced with the first night launch of a Saturn V, was the only Apollo mission to include an astronaut-scientist, Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt, who held a Ph.D. in geology. Apollo 17 set records for total duration of lunar EVA's (22 hours), distance driven with the LRV (36 km.) and lunar samples collected (254 lbs.), and brought the manned lunar landing missions to conclusion in grand fashion with a spectacular televised lunar liftoff.
大结局
Apollo 17 Station 5 pan的一部分 - 由大卫哈兰提供
阿波罗17号宇航员哈里森施密特 阿波罗17号直播电视画面 - 施密特准备拍摄塞尔南和国旗 随着阿波罗17号飞往月球的金牛座 - 利特罗地区，1972年12月抵达载人登月探险队。 最后一次任务是从土星五号的第一个夜间发射开始，是唯一一个包括宇航员科学家哈里森H.“杰克”施密特的阿波罗任务，他拥有博士学位。 在地质学。 阿波罗17号记录了月球EVA的总持续时间（22小时），用LRV（36公里）驱动的距离和收集的月球样本（254磅），并带来了壮观的载人登月任务。电视月球升空。
Post-Apollo
Although the excitement of the lunar landing missions was gone, remnants of the Apollo program continued into the mid-seventies with the Skylab missions (using a Saturn SIV-B stage converted into an orbiting laboratory) and ended in 1975 with the Apollo-Soyuz "Test Project" in which astronauts (including Deke Slayton from the "original seven") in an Apollo spacecraft rendezvoused and docked with a Soviet crew in a Soyuz spacecraft.
On July 20, 1984, Apollo came full circle for me when I attended an anniversary event at the National Air and Space Museum in DC. On hand for the panel discussion and Lunar Landing Party that evening were three moonwalkers, Alan Bean (Apollo 12), Jack Schmitt (Apollo 17) and Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11). It was a memorable birthday for me as we watched a replay of the Apollo 11 ladder descent and first steps, timed to the minute with the actual event that same day in 1969. I am not an autograph collector, but on that day, I not only got an autograph, but also a handshake, from a man who precisely fifteen years prior to that moment had been standing on the surface of the Moon. (Note: My Apollo anniversary experiences would not end here. See below the Apollo 11 30th Anniversary addendum to this retrospective)
后阿波罗
尽管月球登陆任务的兴奋已经消失，但阿波罗计划的残余持续到七十年代中期，随着天空实验室任务（使用土星SIV-B阶段转换为轨道实验室）并于1975年以Apollo-Soyuz结束。测试项目“阿波罗宇宙飞船中的宇航员（包括来自”原七“的Deke Slayton）在联盟号宇宙飞船中与一名苏联船员进行了对接。
1984年7月20日，当我参加在哥伦比亚特区国家航空航天博物馆举办的周年纪念活动时，阿波罗为我带来了一个完整的圈子。 当晚的小组讨论和月球登陆派对是三名月球行者，艾伦比恩（阿波罗12号），杰克施密特（阿波罗17号）和巴兹奥尔德林（阿波罗11号）。 这对我来说是一个值得纪念的生日，因为我们观看了阿波罗11号梯级下降和第一步的重播，并在1969年的当天发生了实际事件。我不是签名收藏家，但那天，我不是只有一个男人在那个时刻之前十五年才站在月球表面上，只得到了一张签名 ，还有一次握手。 （注：我的阿波罗周年纪念经历不会在这里结束。见下面的阿波罗11号30周年纪念这个回顾展的附录）
The Apollo Legacy
On December 13, 1972, Apollo 17 Commander Eugene Cernan left the last human footprint on the lunar surface as man's exploration of the moon came to an end, an event at that time considered insignificant by most Americans, for whom the climactic excitement of Neil Armstrong's first step three years earlier had long faded. "Been there, done that" would sum up the general attitude in today's lingo, and in fact, as awe-inspiring and exciting as the lunar landing missions were to many like myself, the harsh reality was that the Apollo program was very expensive, and the scientific payoff was too narrow in scope to continue the lunar landings at such costs.
But, it had been worth every penny.
More than simply a means of unravelling the mysteries of the Moon, and despite its roots in cold war oneupmanship, the Apollo program provided a generation with a technical challenge and unifying source of inspiration unlike anything in recent human history, and will most likely remain unmatched in this regard for the foreseeable future. Many like myself owe their choice of technical, scientific and engineering careers at least partly to the inspiration of Apollo. More importantly, with Apollo, our 300,000-year-old species at long last broke the bonds of the Earth and took its first "giant leap" into the Universe.
For those of you who were there in 1969, I hope you enjoyed this nostalgic look back at Project Apollo. For those not around or too young to recall, I hope "Contact Light" has given you some sense of what you missed, and here is hoping that we will all again be witness in our lifetimes to an achievement as grand, as glorious and as significant.
Kipp Teague
September, 1998
阿波罗遗产
1972年12月13日，阿波罗17号指挥官尤金·塞尔南在月球表面上留下了最后一个人类足迹，因为人类对月球的探索即将结束，当时的事件被大多数美国人认为是微不足道的，尼尔阿姆斯特朗的高潮激动。三年前的第一步早已褪色。 “去过那里，做到了”将总结今天语言中的一般态度，事实上，像许多像我一样的月球着陆任务令人敬畏和令人兴奋，严酷的现实是阿波罗计划非常昂贵，科学的回报太窄，不能以这样的代价继续登月。
但是，每一分钱都值得。
阿波罗计划不仅仅是揭开月球神秘面纱的一种手段，尽管它源于冷战时期，但它提供了一代技术挑战和灵感来源，与最近的人类历史不同，并且很可能仍然无法比拟在可预见的未来这方面。 像我这样的许多人都应该选择技术，科学和工程职业，至少部分归功于阿波罗的灵感。 更重要的是，通过阿波罗，我们30万年前的物种终于打破了地球的束缚，并将其第一次“巨大的飞跃”带入了宇宙。
对于那些在1969年在那里的人，我希望你喜欢这个怀旧的回顾Project Apollo。 对于那些不在身边或者太年轻的人来说，我希望“联络之光”能让你对自己错过的东西有所了解，并且希望我们在生命中再次见证一个伟大，光荣和重大。
Kipp Teague
1998年9月
Apollo 11 30th Anniversary Addendum
July 24, 1999
When I began work on "Contact Light" a year ago, I never envisioned that on July 16, 1999, I would be standing in a re-created Apollo firing room at Kennedy Space Center, face to face with four Apollo astronauts, thirty years from the day on which two of those same astronauts lifted off for the Moon from a launch pad just three miles away. But there I was, and there they were: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Gene Cernan and Walter Cunningham, seated in front of the firing room consoles at the Saturn V Center, fielding questions from the press. I was even bold enough to pose a question to Neil Armstrong about whether he was planning to write a memoir, to which he simply smiled and replied "No, not at this time."
Not far away, at the Launch Complex 39 press site, the U.S. flag flew at half-mast for the astronauts' fallen comrade, Pete Conrad, who had died earlier in the month from injuries sustained in a motorcycle accident (and whose death reminds us that the number of human beings who have visited the Moon will for the foreseeable future continue to dwindle rather than increase).
Thirty years after Apollo 11, the legacy of Apollo remains pervasive at Kennedy Space Center: the Saturn V vehicle on display, the massive Vehicle Assembly Building and crawler, and the historic Launch Complex 39 pad A. On pad B (from which Apollo 10 lifted off), Space Shuttle Columbia stood waiting to continue the human adventure in space and to extend our view into the universe by delivering into orbit the Chandra X-Ray telescope.
Although the shuttle Columbia did not launch on July 20 as was planned, the atmosphere was electric that evening as crowds flocked to the causeways and beaches to view the launch and as reporters and photographers awaited liftoff at the press site. The excitement reminded me that, while we may never again experience anything akin to the Apollo 11 lunar landing, the dream is indeed still alive and the frontier of space still beckons. I must confess, however, as I stood in front of the Vehicle Assembly Building, I longed to see just one more Saturn V roll through its doors and out to the launch pad.
阿波罗11号30周年纪念附录
1999年7月24日
当我一年前开始研究“接触灯”时，我从未想象过，1999年7月16日，我将站在肯尼迪航天中心重建的阿波罗射击室，与四名阿波罗宇航员面对面，三十年从那两个同样的宇航员从三英里以外的发射台升起月球的那一天开始。 但我就在那里，他们是：Neil Armstrong，Buzz Aldrin，Gene Cernan和Walter Cunningham， 坐在 土星五号中心的射击室控制台前，向媒体提出问题。 我甚至大胆地向尼尔·阿姆斯特朗提出一个问题，即他是否打算写一本回忆录，他只是微笑着回答说“不，不是在这个时候。”
不远处，在发射中心39号新闻网站上， 美国国旗半空飞向宇航员堕落的同志皮特·康拉德，他本月早些时候因摩托车事故受伤而死亡（他的死亡提醒我们）在可预见的未来，访问月球的人数将继续减少而不是增加。
在阿波罗11号飞行三十年后，阿波罗的遗产在肯尼迪航天中心仍然普遍存在： 展出的土星五号车辆 ，巨大的车辆装配大楼和履带式车辆 ，以及历史悠久的发射复合体39 座垫A. 在垫子B （阿波罗10号从其上升起）上， 哥伦比亚号航天飞机站在等待继续人类在太空的冒险，并通过将钱德拉X射线望远镜送入轨道将我们的视野扩展到宇宙中。
虽然哥伦比亚号航天飞机没有像计划的那样在7月20日发射，但是当晚的人们聚集到堤道和海滩观看发射，并且正在记者和摄影师等待新闻发布会的升空时，气氛仍然是电动的。 令人兴奋的是，虽然我们可能永远不会再经历类似于阿波罗11号登月的事情，但梦想确实仍然存在，而太空的边界仍在召唤。 但是，我必须承认，当我站在车辆装配大楼前时 ，我渴望看到只有一个土星V滚过它的门然后到达发射台。
上一篇：
the Apollo Project Album 2
https://www.jianshu.com/p/56c77bfc071b
后续文章：
the Apollo Project Album 3
https://www.jianshu.com/p/ce9c58b30cf4
the Apollo Project Album 4
https://www.jianshu.com/p/4b8611895f18