树莓派（Debian）- 挂载外接硬盘开机自动挂载
格式化硬盘为ext4
查看硬盘信息
fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Disk model: MC4BK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 890AECA3-9F22-4C24-B3E1-BD116AB8D340
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 40 409639 409600 200M EFI System
/dev/sda2 409640 390478727 390069088 186G unknown
/dev/sda3 390479872 488396799 97916928 46.7G Microsoft basic data
Disk /dev/sdb: 58.6 GiB, 62930117632 bytes, 122910386 sectors
Disk model: Mass Storage
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x3da66558
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 122908671 122906624 58.6G 83 Linux
root@raspbian:~# 可以看到外接的两个硬盘（一个ssd、一个u盘）
以U盘为例
fdisk /dev/sdb1
//sdb1是选择的这个u盘的位置（/dev/sdb1)root@raspbian:~# fdisk /dev/sdb1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
The old ext4 signature will be removed by a write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4478bacb.使用d命令删除分区
Command (m for help): d
No partition is defined yet!
使用n命令新建分区，一直回车就好
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-122906623, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-122906623, default 122906623):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 58.6 GiB.使用w命令保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Failed to add partition 1 to system: Invalid argument
The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.新建分区
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
root@raspbian:~# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Found a dos partition table in /dev/sdb1
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 15363328 4k blocks and 3842048 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 5f8902b9-0008-44e1-9953-d24c61c4fa1d
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (65536 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@raspbian:~# 使用fdisk - l查看一下
fdisk -lDisk /dev/sdb: 58.6 GiB, 62930117632 bytes, 122910386 sectors
Disk model: Mass Storage
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x3da66558
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 122908671 122906624 58.6G 83 Linux挂载硬盘
把U盘的/dev/sdb1挂载到/mnt目录
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt使用df -h 命令查看磁盘信息
root@raspbian:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 59G 7.1G 49G 13% /
devtmpfs 918M 0 918M 0% /dev
tmpfs 950M 12K 950M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 950M 17M 933M 2% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 950M 0 950M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1 252M 71M 181M 29% /boot
tmpfs 190M 0 190M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 58G 53M 55G 1% /mnt
root@raspbian:~# 看到/mnt目录的空间已经是U盘空间大小了
开机自动挂载
vi /etc/fstab 添加一行
/dev/sdb1 /mnt /ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 0
保存退出